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Research Article | Open Access

A wear-resistant metastable CoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy with modulated surface and subsurface structures

Yue REN1, Qian JIA1, Yin DU1, Qing ZHOU1( ), Christian GREINER2, Ke HUA1, Haifeng WANG1( ), Jian WANG3
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center of Advanced Lubrication and Seal Materials, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China
Institute for Applied Materials, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe 76131, Germany
Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska 68588, USA
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Sliding friction-induced subsurface structures and severe surface oxidation can be the major causes influencing the wear resistance of ductile metallic materials. Here, we demonstrated the role of subsurface and surface structures in enhancing the wear resistance of an equiatomic metastable CoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy (HEA). The CoCrNiCu HEA is composed of a CoCrNi-rich face-centered cubic (FCC) dendrite phase and a Cu-rich FCC inter-dendrite phase. Copious Cu-rich nano-precipitates are formed and distributed uniformly inside the dendrites after tuning the distribution and composition of the two phases by thermal annealing. Although the formation of nano-precipitates decreases the hardness of the alloy due to the loss of solid solution strengthening, these nano-precipitates can be deformed to form continuous Cu-rich nanolayers during dry sliding, leading to a self-organized nano-laminated microstructure and extensive hardening in the subsurface. In addition, the nano-precipitates can facilitate the formation of continuous and compacted glaze layers on the worn surface, which are also beneficial for the reduction of the wear rate of CoCrNiCu. The current work can be extended to other alloy systems and might provide guidelines for designing and fabricating wear-resistant alloys in general.

Keywords

high-entropy alloys (HEA)wearnano-laminated structureoxidationatomic force microscope (AFM)

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Friction
Volume 10 Issue 10,
October 2022
Pages 1722-1738
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-022-0606-9
Cite this article:
REN Y, JIA Q, DU Y, et al. A wear-resistant metastable CoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy with modulated surface and subsurface structures. Friction, 2022, 10(10): 1722-1738. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0606-9

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Received: 06 September 2021
Revised: 11 January 2022
Accepted: 09 February 2022
Published: 09 June 2022
© The author(s) 2022.

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