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Research Article | Open Access

Superlubricity induced by partially oxidized black phosphorus on engineering steel

Kai GAO1, Jianguo JIAO1, Zheng WANG2, Guoxin XIE1( ), Jianbin LUO1( )
State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
School of Engineering and Technology, China University of Geosciens (Beijing), Beijing 100083, China
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Abstract

Macroscale superlubricity has attracted increasing attention owing to its high significance in engineering and economics. We report the superlubricity of engineering materials by the addition of partially oxidized black phosphorus (oBP) in an oleic acid (OA) oil environment. The phosphorus oxides produced by active oxidation exhibit lower friction and quick deposition performance compared to BP particles. The H-bond (–COOH···O–P, or –COOH···O=P) formed between P–O bond (or P=O) and OA molecule could benefit the lubricating state and decrease the possibility of direct contact between rough peaks. The analysis of the worn surface indicates that a three-layer tribofilm consisting of amorphous carbon, BP crystal, and phosphorus oxide forms during the friction, which replaces the shear interface from the steel/steel to carbon–oBP/carbon–oBP layer and enables macroscale superlubricity.

Keywords

black phosphorus (BP)macroscale superlubricityoleic acid (OA)active oxidation

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Friction
Volume 11 Issue 9,
September 2023
Pages 1592-1605
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-022-0628-3
Cite this article:
GAO K, JIAO J, WANG Z, et al. Superlubricity induced by partially oxidized black phosphorus on engineering steel. Friction, 2023, 11(9): 1592-1605. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0628-3

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Received: 08 November 2021
Revised: 21 January 2022
Accepted: 01 April 2022
Published: 23 March 2023
© The author(s) 2022.

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