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Research Article | Open Access

Base lubricants for green stamping: The effects of their structure and viscosity on tribological performance

Marko POLAJNAR, Lucija ČOGA, Mitjan KALIN( )
Laboratory for Tribology and Interface Nanotechnology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana 1000, Slovenia
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Abstract

The requirements for green and sustainable manufacturing mean that stamping lubricants must be continuously re-evaluated and re-designed. In this investigation, the tribological performance of four base oils with different chemical structures (paraffinic and naphthenic) and viscosities (2 and 20 cSt), as well as water, was evaluated for the stamping of steel sheets and compared with a non-lubricated contact. Most lubricants reduce the coefficient of friction and maintain a similar wear coefficient for steel sheets as in dry contacts. Low-viscosity (LV) naphthenic oil performs very like both high-viscosity (HV) oils. A surprising exception is the LV paraffinic oil, with several-times-higher friction and wear compared to dry contact. This is due to the excellent wetting-spreading and very low cohesion forces that enable oil to escape from extremely thin-film contacts because the viscosity is so low, leading to lubricant starvation. In contrast, HV oils provide a sufficiently thick lubricating film, while strong cohesive forces help in the film’s strength, lessening wear, and reducing friction. In thin-film lubrication with LV oils, such as when stamping, it is thus extremely important that the lubricant’s wetting behaviour and viscosity are sufficient to provide enough film in the contact and prevent starvation, thus ensuring lower friction, less wear, and a longer lifetime of the contact.

Keywords

stampingviscositywaterparaffinic oilnaphthenic oilwetting

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Friction
Volume 11 Issue 9,
September 2023
Pages 1741-1754
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-022-0706-6
Cite this article:
POLAJNAR M, ČOGA L, KALIN M. Base lubricants for green stamping: The effects of their structure and viscosity on tribological performance. Friction, 2023, 11(9): 1741-1754. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0706-6

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Received: 12 January 2022
Revised: 06 April 2022
Accepted: 04 October 2022
Published: 25 March 2023
© The author(s) 2022.

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