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Research Article | Open Access

Crystallographic orientation dependence on nanoscale friction behavior of energetic β-HMX crystal

Ying YIN1( ), Hongtao LI1, Zhihong CAO2, Binghong LI2, Qingshan LI2, Hongtu HE2( ), Jiaxin YU2( )
Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621999, China
Key Laboratory of Testing Technology for Manufacturing Process in Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyang 621010, China
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Abstract

Tribology behaviors of energetic crystals play critical roles in the friction-induced hotspot in high-energy explosive, however, the binder and energetic crystals are not distinguished properly in previous investigations. In this study, for the first time, the nanoscale friction of β-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (β-HMX) crystal is studied with nanoscratch tests under the ramping load mode. The results show that the nanoscale friction and wear of β-HMX crystal, as a typical energetic material, is highly depended on the applied load. The friction coefficient of β-HMX crystal is initially high when no discernible wear is observed, and then it decreases to a stable value which varies from ~0.2 to ~0.7, depending on the applied load, scratch direction, and crystal planes. The β-HMX (011) surfaces show weakly friction and wear anisotropy behavior; in contrast, the β-HMX (110) surfaces show strongly friction and wear anisotropy behavior where the friction coefficient, critical load for the elastic–plastic deformation transition and plastic–cracking deformation transition, and deformation index at higher normal load are highly depended on the scratch directions. Further analyses indicate the slip system and direction of β-HMX surfaces play key roles in determining the nanoscale friction and wear of β-HMX surfaces. The obtained results can provide deeper insight into the friction and wear of energetic crystal materials.

Keywords

β-octahydro-1,3,5,7-tetranitro-1,3,5,7-tetrazocine (β-HMX)nanoscratchfrictionwearplastic deformation

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Friction
Volume 11 Issue 12,
December 2023
Pages 2264-2277
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-022-0725-3
Cite this article:
YIN Y, LI H, CAO Z, et al. Crystallographic orientation dependence on nanoscale friction behavior of energetic β-HMX crystal. Friction, 2023, 11(12): 2264-2277. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-022-0725-3

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Received: 23 June 2022
Revised: 09 August 2022
Accepted: 21 November 2022
Published: 13 March 2023
© The author(s) 2022.

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