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Research Article | Open Access

Effects of surface morphology on tribological properties of Arapaima gigas scales

Shuaijun ZHANG1,2, Pengpeng BAI1, Xiangli WEN1, Chengwei WEN1, Hui CAO1, Wanyou YANG1, Yu TIAN1( )
State Key Laboratory of Tribology in Advanced Equipment, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering (Ministry of Education, China), Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China
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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

The remarkable mechanical adaptability of arapaima (Arapaima gigas) scales has made them an important subject of study. However, no research has been conducted into their tribological properties, which are crucial for the protectability and flexibility of arapaimas. In this study, by combining morphological characterizations, friction experiments, and theoretical analyses, the relationship between the surface morphology and tribological properties of arapaima scales is determined. These results indicate that arapaima scales exhibit varying surface morphologies in different regions. More specifically, the exposed regions of scales feature grooves and a circulus, whereas the covered regions exhibit bumps. The specific surface morphology of arapaima scales produces varying tribological properties across different regions and sliding directions. The unique tribological properties of arapaima scales influence the forces received from predator attacks and neighboring scales, directly influencing the arapaima’s protective capabilities. This study provides new insights into the mechanisms of natural flexible dermal armors, and it has potential applications in personal protective systems.

Keywords

tribological propertiessurface morphologyarapaimascalesprotectability

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Friction
Volume 12 Issue 7,
July 2024
Pages 1469-1482
DOI: 10.1007/s40544-023-0806-y
Cite this article:
ZHANG S, BAI P, WEN X, et al. Effects of surface morphology on tribological properties of Arapaima gigas scales. Friction, 2024, 12(7): 1469-1482. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40544-023-0806-y

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Received: 26 February 2023
Revised: 12 June 2023
Accepted: 17 July 2023
Published: 21 October 2023
© The author(s) 2023.

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