Current state-of-the-art review of footwear–ground friction

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Beschorner K E, Iraqi A, Redfern M S, Cham R, Li Y. Predicting slips based on the STM 603 whole-footwear tribometer under different coefficient of friction testing conditions. Ergonomics 62(5): 668–681 (2019)

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Chanda A, Jones T G, Beschorner K E. Generalizability of footwear traction performance across flooring and contaminant conditions. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 6(2): 98–108 (2018)

Ido T, Yamaguchi T, Shibata K, Matsuki K, Yumii K, Hokkirigawa K. Sliding friction characteristics of styrene butadiene rubbers with varied surface roughness under water lubrication. Tribol Int 133: 230–235 (2019)

Maegawa S, Itoigawa F, Nakamura T. Effect of normal load on friction coefficient for sliding contact between rough rubber surface and rigid smooth plane. Tribol Int 92: 335–343 (2015)

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Moghaddam S R M, Redfern M S, Beschorner K E. A microscopic finite element model of shoe–floor hysteresis and adhesion friction. Tribol Lett 59(3): 42 (2015)

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Mokhtari M, Schipper D J, Tolpekina T V. On the friction of carbon black- and silica-reinforced BR and S-SBR elastomers. Tribol Lett 54(3): 297–308 (2014)

Jones T, Iraqi A, Beschorner K. Performance testing of work shoes labeled as slip resistant. Appl Ergon 68: 304–312 (2018)

Iraqi A, Vidic N S, Redfern M S, Beschorner K E. Prediction of coefficient of friction based on footwear outsole features. Appl Ergon 82: 102963 (2020)

Cook A, Hemler S, Sundaram V, Chanda A, Beschorner K. Differences in friction performance between new and worn shoes. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 8(4): 209–214 (2020)

Yamaguchi T, Pathomchat P, Shibata K, Nishi T, Tateishi J, Hokkirigawa K. Effects of porosity and SEBS fraction on dry sliding friction of EVA foams for sports shoe sole applications. Tribol T 63(6): 1067–1075 (2020)

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Hsu J, Li Y, Dutta T, Fernie G. Assessing the performance of winter footwear using a new maximum achievable incline method. Appl Ergon 50: 218–225 (2015)

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Bagheri Z S, Patel N, Li Y, Morrone K, Fernie G, Dutta T. Slip resistance and wearability of safety footwear used on icy surfaces for outdoor municipal workers. Work 62(1): 37–47 (2019)

Bagheri Z S, Patel N, Li Y, Rizzi K, Lui K Y G, Holyoke P, Fernie G, Dutta T. Selecting slip resistant winter footwear for personal support workers. Work 64(1): 135–151 (2019)

Yamaguchi T, Katsurashima Y, Hokkirigawa K. Effect of rubber block height and orientation on the coefficients of friction against smooth steel surface lubricated with glycerol solution. Tribol Int 110: 96–102 (2017)

Anwer A, Bagheri Z S, Fernie G, Dutta T, Naguib H E. Evolution of the coefficient of friction with surface wear for advanced surface textured composites. Adv Mater Interfaces 4(6): 1600983 (2017)

Nishi T. Influence of lubricant properties and contacting velocity on real contact formation between rubber and glass in a contact process. Tribol Int 127: 240–244 (2018)

Nishi T. Influence of curvature radius, elastic modulus, and contact velocity on real contact formation between rubber hemisphere and glass plate during contact process under a water-lubricated condition. Tribol Int 130: 284–288 (2019)

Hausberger A, Major Z, Theiler G, Gradt T. Observation of the adhesive- and deformation-contribution to the friction and wear behaviour of thermoplastic polyurethanes. Wear 412–413: 14–22 (2018)

Moore C T, Menezes P L, Lovell M R, Beschorner K E. Analysis of shoe friction during sliding against floor material: Role of fluid contaminant. J Tribol 134(4): 1 (2012)

Maegawa S, Itoigawa F, Nakamura T. Dynamics in sliding friction of soft adhesive elastomer: Schallamach waves as a stress-relaxation mechanism. Tribol Int 96: 23–30 (2016)

Nishi T, Yamaguchi T, Hokkirigawa K. Development of high slip-resistant footwear outsole using rubber surface filled with activated carbon/sodium chloride. Sci Rep-UK 12: 267 (2022)

Maegawa S, Itoigawa F, Nakamura T. A role of friction-induced torque in sliding friction of rubber materials. Tribol Int 93: 182–189 (2016)

Yamaguchi T, Sugawara T, Takahashi M, Shibata K, Moriyasu K, Nishiwaki T, Hokkirigawa K. Effect of porosity and normal load on dry sliding friction of polymer foam blocks. Tribol Lett 66(1): 34 (2018)

Nečas D, Jaroš T, Dočkal K, Šperka P, Vrbka M, Křupka I, Hartl M. The effect of kinematic conditions on film thickness in compliant lubricated contact. J Tribol 140(5): 051501 (2018)

Iraqi A, Cham R, Redfern M S, Beschorner K E. Coefficient of friction testing parameters influence the prediction of human slips. Appl Ergon 70: 118–126 (2018)

Blanchette M G, Powers C M. The influence of footwear tread groove parameters on available friction. Appl Ergon 50: 237–241 (2015)

Yamaguchi T, Hokkirigawa K. Development of a high slip-resistant footwear outsole using a hybrid rubber surface pattern. Ind Health 52(5): 414–423 (2014)

Choi S K, Kudoh R, Koga J, Mikami T, Yokoyama Y, Takahashi H, Ono H. A comparative evaluation of floor slip resistance test methods. Constr Build Mater 94: 737–745 (2015)

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Li K W, Meng F X, Zhang W. Friction between footwear and floor covered with solid particles under dry and wet conditions. Int J Occup Saf Ergo 20(1): 43–53 (2014)

Chang W R, Matz S, Chang C C. The stochastic distribution of available coefficient of friction for human locomotion of five different floor surfaces. Appl Ergon 45(3): 811–815 (2014)

Beschorner K E, Chanda A, Moyer B E, Reasinger A, Griffin S C, Johnston I M. Validating the ability of a portable shoe–floor friction testing device, NextSTEPS, to predict human slips. Appl Ergon 106: 103854 (2023)

Gupta S, Malviya A, Chatterjee S, Chanda A. Development of a portable device for surface traction characterization at the shoe–floor interface. Surfaces 5(4): 504–520 (2022)

Chang W R, Grönqvist R, Leclercq S, Brungraber R J, Mattke U, Strandberg L, Thorpe S C, Myung R, Makkonen L, Courtney T K. The role of friction in the measurement of slipperiness, Part 2: Survey of friction measurement devices. Ergonomics 44(13): 1233–1261 (2001)

Kim J. Comparison of three different slip meters under various contaminated conditions. Saf Health Work 3(1): 22–30 (2012)

Fekr A R, Li Y, Gauvin C, Wong G, Cheng W, Fernie G, Dutta T. Evaluation of winter footwear: Comparison of test methods to determine footwear slip resistance on ice surfaces. Int J Env Res Pub He 18(2): 405 (2021)

Iraqi A, Cham R, Redfern M S, Vidic N S, Beschorner K E. Kinematics and kinetics of the shoe during human slips. J Biomech 74: 57–63 (2018)

Moriyasu K, Nishiwaki T, Yamaguchi T, Hokkirigawa K. Experimental analysis of the distribution of traction coefficient in the shoe–ground contact area during running. Tribol Online 7(4): 267–273 (2012)

Yamaguchi T. Distribution of the local required coefficient of friction in the shoe–floor contact area during straight walking: A pilot study. Biotribology 19: 100101 (2019)

Grönqvist R, Matz S, Hirvonen M. Assessment of shoe–floor slipperiness with respect to contact-time-related variation in friction during heel strike. Occup Ergon 3(4): 197–208 (2003)

Kim A R, Cholewinski A, Mitra S K, Zhao B X. Viscoelastic tribopairs in dry and lubricated sliding friction. Soft Matter 16(32): 7447–7457 (2020)

Sadowski P, Stupkiewicz S. Friction in lubricated soft-on-hard, hard-on-soft and soft-on-soft sliding contacts. Tribol Int 129: 246–256 (2019)

Hemler S L, Charbonneau D N, Iraqi A, Redfern M S, Haight J M, Moyer B E, Beschorner K E. Changes in under-shoe traction and fluid drainage for progressively worn shoe tread. Appl Ergon 80: 35–42 (2019).

Kim I J. Wear observation of shoe surfaces: Application for slip and fall safety assessments. Tribol T 58(3): 407–417 (2015)

Mills R, Dwyer-Joyce R S, Loo-Morrey M. The mechanisms of pedestrian slip on flooring contaminated with solid particles. Tribol Int 42(3): 403–412 (2009)

Albert D, Moyer B, Beschorner K E. Three-dimensional shoe kinematics during unexpected slips: Implications for shoe–floor friction testing. IISE Trans Occup Ergon Hum Factors 5(1): 1–11 (2017)

Chang W R, Grönqvist R, Leclercq S, Myung R, Makkonen L, Strandberg L, Brungraber R J, Mattke U, Thorpe S C. The role of friction in the measurement of slipperiness, Part 1: Friction mechanisms and definition of test conditions. Ergonomics 44(13): 1217–1232 (2001)

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Yamaguchi T, Sugawara T, Takahashi M, Shibata K, Moriyasu K, Nishiwaki T, Hokkirigawa K. Dry sliding friction of ethylene vinyl acetate blocks: Effect of the porosity. Tribol Int 116: 264–271 (2017)

Yang C, Persson B N J. Contact mechanics: Contact Area and interfacial separation from small contact to full contact. J Phys: Condens Matter 20(21): 215214 (2008)

Kim I J. Identifying shoe wear mechanisms and associated tribological characteristics: Importance for slip resistance evaluation. Wear 360–361: 77–86 (2016)

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Li K W, Chang W R, Leamon T B, Chen C J. Floor slipperiness measurement: Friction coefficient, roughness of floors, and subjective perception under spillage conditions. Safety Sci 42(6): 547–565 (2004)

Chang W R. The effect of surface roughness and contaminant on the dynamic friction of porcelain tile. Appl Ergon 32(2): 173–184 (2001)

Li K W, Chen C J. Effects of tread groove orientation and width of the footwear pads on measured friction coefficients. Safety Sci 43(7): 391–405 (2005)

Li K W, Wu H H, Lin Y C. The effect of shoe sole tread groove depth on the friction coefficient with different tread groove widths, floors and contaminants. Appl Ergon 37(6): 743–748 (2006)

Maegawa S, Itoigawa F, Nakamura T. A role of friction-induced torque in sliding friction of rubber materials. Tribol Int 93: 182–189 (2016)

Beschorner K E, Albert D L, Chambers A J, Redfern M S. Fluid pressures at the shoe–floor–contaminant interface during slips: Effects of tread & implications on slip severity. J Biomech 47(2): 458–463 (2014)

Beschorner K, Lovell M, Higgs III C F, Redfern M S. Modeling mixed-lubrication of a shoe–floor interface applied to a pin-on-disk apparatus. Tribol T 52(4): 560–568 (2009)

Li K W, Chen C J. The effect of shoe soling tread groove width on the coefficient of friction with different sole materials, floors, and contaminants. Appl Ergon 35(6): 499–507 (2004)

Sundaram V H, Hemler S L, Chanda A, Haight J M, Redfern M S, Beschorner K E. Worn region size of shoe outsole impacts human slips: Testing a mechanistic model. J Biomech 105: 109797 (2020)

Hausberger A, Major Z, Theiler G, Gradt T. Observation of the adhesive- and deformation-contribution to the friction and wear behaviour of thermoplastic polyurethanes. Wear 412–413: 14–22 (2018)

Sato S, Yamaguchi T, Shibata K, Nishi T, Moriyasu K, Harano K, Hokkirigawa K. Dry sliding friction and wear behavior of thermoplastic polyurethane against abrasive paper. Biotribology 23: 100130 (2020)

Pan X D, Kelley E D, Hayes M W. Bulk viscoelastic contribution to the wet-sliding friction of rubber compounds. J Polym Sci B Polym Phys 41(8): 757–771 (2003)

Nishi T, Moriyasu K, Harano K, Nishiwaki T. Influence of dewettability on rubber friction properties with different surface roughness under water/ethanol/glycerol lubricated conditions. Tribol Online 11(5): 601–607 (2016)

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Bagheri Z S, Anwer A O, Fernie G, Naguib H E, Dutta T. Effects of multi-functional surface-texturing on the ice friction and abrasion characteristics of hybrid composite materials for footwear. Wear 418–419: 253–264 (2019)

Yamaguchi T, Hsu J, Li Y, Maki B E. Efficacy of a rubber outsole with a hybrid surface pattern for preventing slips on icy surfaces. Appl Ergon 51: 9–17 (2015)

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Gupta S, Chatterjee S, Chanda A. Effect of footwear material wear on slips and falls. Mater Today Proc 62: 3508–3515 (2022)

Walter P J, Tushak C M, Hemler S L, Beschorner K E. Effect of tread design and hardness on interfacial fluid force and friction in artificially worn shoes. Footwear Sci 13(3): 245–254 (2021)

Ishizako A, Tomosada M, Hokkirigawa K, Yamaguchi T. Impact of rubber block end-face corner radius on the friction coefficient between rubber blocks and a glass plate under dry and lubrication conditions. Tribol Int 174: 107705 (2022)