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Review Article | Open Access

Physics-based fluid simulation in computer graphics: Survey, research trends, and challenges

Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering, and School of Intelligence Science and Technology, and Shunde Innovation School University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
National Center for Computer Animation, Faculty of Media and Communication, Bournemouth University, Poole BH12 5BB, UK
Bernoulli Institute, University of Groningen, Groningen 9700 AK, the Netherlands
School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
TMCC, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
Zienkiewicz Institute for Modelling, Data and AI, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
Institute of Materials Intelligent Technology, Liaoning Academy of Materials, Shenyang 110004, China

* Xiaokun Wang and Yanrui Xu contributed equally to this work.

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Graphical Abstract

Abstract

Physics-based fluid simulation has played an increasingly important role in the computer graphics community. Recent methods in this area have greatly improved the generation of complex visual effects and its computational efficiency. Novel techniques have emerged to deal with complex boundaries, multiphase fluids, gas–liquid interfaces, and fine details. The parallel use of machine learning, image processing, and fluid control technologies has brought many interesting and novel research perspectives. In this survey, we provide an introduction to theoretical concepts underpinning physics-based fluid simulation and their practical implementation, with the aim for it to serve as a guide for both newcomers and seasoned researchers to explore the field of physics-based fluid simulation, with a focus on developments in the last decade. Driven by the distribution of recent publications in the field, we structure our survey to cover physical background; discretization approaches; computational methods that address scalability; fluid interactions with other materials and interfaces; and methods for expressive aspects of surface detail and control. From a practical perspective, we give an overview of existing implementations available for the above methods.

Keywords

computer graphicsphysical simulationfluid simulationfluid coupling

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Computational Visual Media
Volume 10 Issue 5,
October 2024
Pages 803-858
DOI: 10.1007/s41095-023-0368-y
Cite this article:
Wang X, Xu Y, Liu S, et al. Physics-based fluid simulation in computer graphics: Survey, research trends, and challenges. Computational Visual Media, 2024, 10(5): 803-858. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41095-023-0368-y

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Received: 26 January 2023
Accepted: 01 July 2023
Published: 27 April 2024
© The Author(s) 2024.

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