AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article

Numerical simulation on LNAPL migration in vadose zone and its prevention using natural fibre

A. V. Praseeja( ), N. Sajikumar
Civil Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, APJ Abdul Kalam Technological University Kerala, Thrissur, India
Show Author Information

Abstract

The study on the migration behaviour of light non-aqueous phase liquid (LNAPL) through the subsurface system is essential for implementing a proper remedial measure against groundwater contamination. A FEM-based flow and transport model FEFLOW (Finite Element subsurface FLOW and transport system) was utilised in this study to model the migration of LNAPL, through the unsaturated zone, where the LNAPL is modelled as a single-phase contaminant with the least water solubility. Further, it evaluates the utility of a natural fibre, coir geotextile (CG) in controlling the migration of the LNAPL through the subsurface system based on an experimental study. The predictions from the numerical model are compared and found matching with the experimental results. The CG layer is also modelled similarly to the soil layer with appropriate values of the parameters, which defines the novelty of this study. Hence, the developed numerical model is used to simulate the actual field conditions to assess how long the coir geotextile can sustain as a remedial measure for controlling LNAPL migration through the soil. The provision of two layers of CG with a vertical layer on both sides as a box-like containment could hold LNAPL up to 7.5 years in the wet condition and 5 years in the dry condition of soil.

Keywords

coir geotextile (CG)groundwater contaminationhydrocarbonsFEFLOWnatural fibrenon-aqueous phase liquid (NAPL)

References

 
Ali, N., El-Harbawi, M., Jabal, A. A., Yin, C. Y. 2012. Characteristics and oil sorption effectiveness of kapok fibre, sugarcane bagasse and rice husks: Oil removal suitability matrix. Environ Technol, 33: 481–486.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Al-Majed, A. A., Adebayo, A. R., Hossain, M. E. 2012. A sustainable approach to controlling oil spills. J Environ Manage, 113: 213–227.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Benson, D. A. 1994. User’s manual to VENT2D: A multi-compound vapor transport and phase distribution model. Claremont Streat: Reno, NV, USA.
 
Berlin, M., Vasudevan, M., Kumar, G. S., Nambi, I. M. 2015. Numerical modelling of fate and transport of petroleum hydrocarbons in an unsaturated subsurface system for varying source scenario. J Earth Syst Sci, 124: 655–674.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Clement, T. P. 1999. A modular computer code for simulating reactive multi-species transport in 3-dimensional groundwater systems. Report No. 11720. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA.
Google Scholar
 
Clough, S. R. 2014. Heptane. In: Encyclopedia of Toxicology (2nd edn). Wexler, P. Ed. Elsevier, 845–847
Crossref
 
Corapcioglu, M. Y., Baehr, A. 1985. Immiscible contaminant transport in soils and groundwater with an emphasis on petroleum hydrocarbons: System of differential equations vs single cell model. Water Sci Technol, 17: 23–37.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Diersch, H. J. G. 2005. About the formulation of hydraulic head boundary (potential) conditions for fluid density-dependent groundwater problems. In: FEFLOW—White Papers Vol. I. Berlin: WASY, 133–138.
 
EPA. 2004. EPA 402-R-99-004A. Understanding variation in partition coefficient, Kd, values. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Washington, D. C., USA.
 
Fagerlund, F., Niemi, A. 2007. A partially coupled, fraction-by-fraction modelling approach to the subsurface migration of gasoline spills. J Contam Hydrol, 89: 174–198.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Fityus, S. G., Smith, D. W., Booker, J. R. 1999. Contaminant transport through an unsaturated soil liner beneath a landfill. Can Geotech J, 36: 330–354.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Gidigasu, M. 2012. Laterite Soil Engineering: Pedogenesis and Engineering Principles. Netherlands: Elsevier.
 
Gigliuto, A., Righetti, C., Cuzzola, A., Belfanti, P. 2015. Groundwater flow finite element model in a costal aquifer to evaluate remediation strategies. In: Proceedings of the FEFLOW 2015 Conference.
 
Guarnaccia, J., Pinder, G., Fishman, M. 1997. NAPL: Simulator documentation. National Risk Management Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research and Development, USA.
 
Huyakorn, P. S., Wu, Y. S., Panday, S. 1992. A comprehensive three-dimensional numerical model for predicting the transport and fate of petroleum hydrocarbons in the subsurface. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Petroleum Hydrocarbons and Organic Chemicals in Groundwater: Prevention, Detection, and Restoration, Houston, TX, USA.
 
Illangasekare, T. H., Armbruster, E. J., Yates, D. N. 1995. Non-aqueous-phase fluids in heterogeneous aquifers—Experimental study. J Env Eng, 121: 571–579.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Kaluarachchi, J. J., Parker, J. C., Lenhard, R. J. 1990. A numerical model for areal migration of water and light hydrocarbon in unconfined aquifers. Adv Water Resour Res, 13: 29–40.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Kamaruddin, S. A., Sulaiman, W. N. A., Rahman, N. A., Zakaria, M. P., Mustaffar, M., Sa’ari, R. 2011. A review of laboratory and numerical simulations of hydrocarbons migration in subsurface environments. J Env Sci Tech, 4: 191–214.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Karana, C. P., Rengasamy, R. S., Das, D. 2011. Oil spill cleanup by structured fibre assembly. Indian J Fibre Text, 36: 190–200.
Google Scholar
 
Katyal, A. K., Kaluarachchi, J. J., Parker, J. C. 1991. MOFAT: A two-dimensional finite-element program for multiphase flow and multicomponent transport. Program documentation and user’s guide. Technical Report No. PB-91-191692/XAB. Virginia Polytechnic Institue and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA.
Google Scholar
 
Mosavati, B., Mosavati, M., Kowsary, F. 2013. Solution of radiative inverse boundary design problem in a combined radiating-free convecting furnace. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf, 45: 130–136.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Mosavati, B., Mosavati, M., Kowsary, F. 2016. Inverse boundary design solution in a combined radiating-free convecting furnace filled with participating medium containing specularly reflecting walls. Int Commun Heat Mass Transf, 76: 69–76.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Panday, S., Huyakorn, P. S. 2008. MODFLOW SURFACT: A state-of-the-art use of vadose zone flow and transport equations and numerical techniques for environmental evaluations. Vadose Zone J, 7: 610–631.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Patil, S. B., Chore, H. S. 2014. Contaminant transport through porous media: An overview of experimental and numerical studies. Adv Env Res, 3: 45–69.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Praseeja, A. V., Sajikumar, N. 2019. A review on the study of immiscible fluid flow in unsaturated porous media: Modeling and remediation. J Porous Media, 22: 889–922.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Praseeja, A. V., Sajikumar, N. 2020. LNAPL migration in vadoze zone and its prevention using natural fiber. J Nat Fibers, .
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Praseeja, A. V., Sajikumar, N. 2021. Experimental investigation of coir fibre on its potential for the sorption of hydrocarbons. In: Advances in Civil Engineering. Singh, R. M., Sudheer, K. P., Kurian, B. Eds. Singapore: Springer, 75–89.
Crossref
 
Pruess, K., Oldenburg, C. M., Moridis, G. J. 1999. TOUGH2 user’s guide version 2 (No. LBNL-43134). Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Crossref
 
Sinton, P., Wingle, B., Bartlett, D. 2015. FEFLOW model of a copper mine, Arizona, USA. In: Proceedings of the FEFLOW 2015 Conference.
 
Stroo, H. F., Unger, M., Ward, C. H., Kavanaugh, M. C., Vogel, C., Leeson, A., Marqusee, J., Smith, B. P. 2003. Remediating chlorinated solvent source zones. Environ Sci Tech, 37: 224A–230A.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Sulaymon, A. H., Gzar, H. A. 2011. Experimental investigation and numerical modeling of light nonaqueous phase liquid dissolution and transport in a saturated zone of the soil. J Hazard Mater, 186: 1601–1614.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Van Geel, P. J., Sykes, J. F. 1994a. Laboratory and model simulations of a LNAPL spill in a variably-saturated sand, 1. Laboratory experiment and image analysis techniques. J Contam Hydrol, 17: 1–25.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Van Geel, P. J., Sykes, J. F. 1994b. Laboratory and model simulations of a LNAPL spill in a variably-saturated sand, 2. Comparison of laboratory and model results. J Contam Hydrol, 17: 27–53.
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Vigouroux, R., Lenhardt, F., Doucet, N., Boisson, M. 2015. Design of a passive hydraulic containment system using FEFLOW modeling. In: Proceedings of the FEFLOW 2015 Conference.
 
White, M. D., Oostrom, M., Lenhard, R. J. 1995. Modeling fluid flow and transport in variably saturated porous media with the STOMP simulator. 1. Nonvolatile three-phase model description. Adv Water Resour, 18: 353–364.
Crossref Google Scholar
Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow
Volume 5 Issue 1,
March 2023
Pages 53-66
DOI: 10.1007/s42757-021-0120-8
Cite this article:
Praseeja AV, Sajikumar N. Numerical simulation on LNAPL migration in vadose zone and its prevention using natural fibre. Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow, 2023, 5(1): 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-021-0120-8

675

Views

5

Crossref

4

Web of Science

5

Scopus

Altmetrics
Received: 22 January 2021
Revised: 05 June 2021
Accepted: 22 July 2021
Published: 26 November 2021
© Tsinghua University Press 2021
Return