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Review Article

Soot: A review of computational models at different length scales

Darson D. Li1,†( ), Cheng Wang1,†( ), Qing N. Chan1, Guan H. Yeoh1,2
School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia

† Darson D. Li and Cheng Wang contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

The computational modelling of soot formation and destruction during the combustion process is one of the most challenging topics in combustion research. This paper reviews the numerical soot models constructed at different length scales, including macroscale, mesoscale, and microscale. The four key stages of soot evolution, including nucleation, surface growth and coagulation, agglomeration, and oxidation, are first described with the generally accepted mathematical formulations in each stage explained. Different computational frameworks and their pros and cons are then reviewed, including the one-equation empirical soot model (macroscale), two-equation semi-empirical soot model (macroscale), different variations of population balance model (mesoscale), discrete element model (microscale), and molecular dynamics model (microscale). It is concluded that the accuracy required and the computational cost available are the two major influencing factors to be considered when selecting the appropriate computational model. The user needs to assess the priorities in their specific application and evaluate different modelling options to find the optimal balance between the level of accuracy and computation resources required.

Keywords

soot evolutionnumerical modellingcomputational combustion

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Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow
Volume 5 Issue 1,
March 2023
Pages 1-14
DOI: 10.1007/s42757-021-0124-4
Cite this article:
Li DD, Wang C, Chan QN, et al. Soot: A review of computational models at different length scales. Experimental and Computational Multiphase Flow, 2023, 5(1): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42757-021-0124-4

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Received: 15 April 2021
Revised: 20 August 2021
Accepted: 20 September 2021
Published: 27 January 2022
© Tsinghua University Press 2021
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