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Research Article | Open Access

Evolutionary relationships of mitogenomes in a recently radiated Old World avian family

Wenqing Zanga,b, Zhiyong Jianga,b, Per G.P. Ericsonc, Gang Songa, Sergei V. Drovetskid,e, Takema Saitohf, Fumin Leia,b,g, Yanhua Qua,b( )
Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, PO Box 50007, SE-104 05, Stockholm, Sweden
Laboratories of Analytical Biology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20004, USA
Current address: U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center at Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, MD 20708, USA
Yamashina Institute for Ornithology, Abiko, Chiba, Japan
Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
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Abstract

Environmentally heterogeneous mountains provide opportunities for rapid diversification and speciation. The family Prunellidae (accentors) is a group of birds comprising primarily mountain specialists that have recently radiated across the Palearctic region. This rapid diversification poses challenges to resolving their phylogeny. Herein we sequenced the complete mitogenomes and estimated the phylogeny using all 12 (including 28 individuals) currently recognized species of Prunellidae. We reconstructed the mitochondrial genome phylogeny using 13 protein-coding genes of 12 species and 2 Eurasian Tree Sparrows (Passer montanus). Phylogenetic relationships were estimated using a suite of analyses: maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and the coalescent-based SVDquartets. Divergence times were estimated by implementing a Bayesian relaxed clock model in BEAST2. Based on the BEAST time-calibrated tree, we implemented an ancestral area reconstruction using RASP v.4.3. Our phylogenies based on the maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and SVDquartets approaches support a clade of large-sized accentors (subgenus Laiscopus) to be sister to all other accentors with small size (subgenus Prunella). In addition, the trees also support the sister relationship of P. immaculata and P. rubeculoides ​+ ​P.atrogularis with 100% bootstrap support, but the relationships among the remaining eight species in the Prunella clade are poorly resolved. These species cluster in different positions in the three phylogenetic trees and the nodes are often poorly supported. The five nodes separating the seven species diverged simultaneously within less than half million years (i.e., between 2.71 and 3.15 million years ago), suggesting that the recent radiation is likely responsible for rampant incomplete lineage sorting and gene tree conflicts. Ancestral area reconstruction indicates a central Palearctic region origin for Prunellidae. Our study highlights that whole mitochondrial genome phylogeny can resolve major lineages within Prunellidae but is not sufficient to fully resolve the relationship among the species in the Prunella clade that almost simultaneously diversify during a short time period. Our results emphasize the challenge to reconstruct reliable phylogenetic relationship in a group of recently radiated species.

Keywords

RadiationIncomplete lineage sortingMitochondrial genomeMountain specialists

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Avian Research
Volume 14 Issue 2,
June 2023
Article number: 100097
DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2023.100097
Cite this article:
Zang W, Jiang Z, Ericson PG, et al. Evolutionary relationships of mitogenomes in a recently radiated Old World avian family. Avian Research, 2023, 14(2): 100097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2023.100097

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Received: 04 February 2023
Revised: 20 March 2023
Accepted: 22 March 2023
Published: 31 March 2023
© 2023 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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