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Research Article | Open Access

Continent-wide vocal leapfrog pattern in Collared Scops Owls obfuscates species boundaries

Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 16 Science Drive 4, Singapore, Republic of Singapore
Department of Environmental Sciences, Zoological Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Abstract

Much confusion has surrounded the taxonomy of the Collared Scops Owl (Otus bakkamoena) complex, distributed widely across tropical and subtropical Asia. Often divided into three species, modern taxonomies disagree on its treatment, as a lack of deep mitochondrial DNA divergence is seemingly in contrast with patterns of vocal differentiation. Analysing a dataset of territorial calls of 122 individuals across Asia, we identified a vocal leapfrog pattern in which owl populations at the eastern and western ends of the distribution sound more similar to each other but are separated by different-sounding populations in between. The boundaries between vocal types are not congruent with traditional species boundaries. Our data allow for a re-drawing of species boundaries and reveal that Collared Scops Owls follow a biogeographic pattern rare in Southeast Asian birds. However, this pattern is shared with several other owl complexes in that peninsular Malaysian populations form part of a continental Asian species centred further north in Southeast Asia rather than forming part of a Sundaic species centred in the adjacent Indonesian Archipelago.

Keywords

TaxonomyBioacousticsBiogeographyAsiaSpecies delimitation

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Avian Research
Volume 14 Issue 4,
December 2023
Article number: 100141
DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2023.100141
Cite this article:
Wu MY, Rheindt FE. Continent-wide vocal leapfrog pattern in Collared Scops Owls obfuscates species boundaries. Avian Research, 2023, 14(4): 100141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2023.100141

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Received: 18 June 2023
Revised: 04 September 2023
Accepted: 26 September 2023
Published: 15 October 2023
© 2023 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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