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Research Article | Open Access

Deterministic processes drive turnover-dominated beta diversity of breeding birds along the central Himalayan elevation gradient

Zhifeng Dinga, Jianchao Lianga, Le Yangb, Cong Weib, Huijian Hua( ), Xingfeng Sic( )
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
Tibet Plateau Institute of Biology, Lhasa, 850001, China
Zhejiang Zhoushan Island Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Eco-Chongming, Zhejiang Tiantong Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, School of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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Abstract

Beta diversity, the variation of community composition among sites, bridges alpha and gamma diversity and can reveal the mechanisms of community assembly through applying distance-decay models and/or partitioning beta diversity into turnover and nestedness components from functional and phylogenetic perspectives. Mountains as the most natural experiment system provide good opportunities for exploring beta diversity patterns and the underlying ecological processes. Here, we simultaneously consider distance-decay models and multiple dimensions of beta diversity to examine spatial variations of bird communities, and to evaluate the relative importance of niche-based and neutral community assembly mechanisms along a 3600-m elevational gradient in the central Himalayas, China. Our results showed that species turnover dominates taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity. We observed strongest evidence of spatial distance decays in taxonomic similarities of birds, followed by its phylogenetic and functional analogues. Turnover component was highest in taxonomic beta diversity, while nestedness component was highest in functional beta diversity. Further, all correlations of assemblage similarity with climatic distance were higher than that with spatial distances. Standardized values of overall taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic beta diversity and their turnover components increase with increasing elevational distance, while the standardized values of taxonomic and phylogenetic nestedness decreased with increasing elevational distance. Our results highlighted the niche-based deterministic processes in shaping elevational bird diversity patterns that were determined by the relative roles of decreasing trend of environmental filtering and increasing trend of limiting similarity along elevation distances.

Keywords

BirdTurnoverHimalayaCommunity assemblyBeta diversityFunctional traitNestedenssPhylogenetic distance

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Avian Research
Volume 15 Issue 2,
June 2024
Article number: 100170
DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100170
Cite this article:
Ding Z, Liang J, Yang L, et al. Deterministic processes drive turnover-dominated beta diversity of breeding birds along the central Himalayan elevation gradient. Avian Research, 2024, 15(2): 100170. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100170

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Received: 03 June 2023
Revised: 26 February 2024
Accepted: 27 February 2024
Published: 11 March 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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