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Research Article | Open Access

Changes in the adult sex ratio of six duck species breeding populations over two decades

Monika Homolkováa( ), Petr Musila, Diego Pavón-Jordánb, Dorota Gajdošováa, Zuzana Musilováa, Šárka Neužilováa, Jan Zouhara,c
Department of Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Prague – Suchdol, Czech Republic
Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), PO Box 5685 Torgarden, Trondheim, N-7485, Norway
Department of Econometrics, Faculty of Informatics and Statistics, University of Economics, nám. W. Churchilla 4, CZ-130 67, Prague 3, Czech Republic
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Abstract

Despite all efforts, long-term changes in the adult sex ratios of breeding duck populations are still unclear; this uncertainty is especially true for male-bias populations, which are often under the scrutiny of researchers lacking convenient results for the active protection of endangered species. Species with male-bias populations are usually strongly affected by a decline in population size that leads to a higher extinction risk. In this study, we examined our long-term data of the abundance of breeding populations in six duck species (Mallard Anas platyrhynchos, Gadwall Mareca strepera, Red-crested Pochard Netta rufina, Common Pochard Aythya ferina, Tufted Duck Aythya fuligula, and Common Goldeneye Bucephala clangula) from fishponds in South Bohemia, Czechia, between 2004 and 2022. This evidence was used to assess long-term changes in the adult sex ratio in these breeding populations and investigate the possible effects of the NAO index (North Atlantic Oscillation index) on them, indicating climate conditions in winter. We determined a long-term decrease of the proportion of females in the breeding season in two of the six examined species: Common Pochard and Red-crested Pochard, which is driven by the long-term increase in the number of males in contrast to the decreasing or stable number of females likely caused by different migration behaviours between females and males. In the case of Common Pochard, in breeding populations, we estimated 60–65% of males in the early 2000s rising to 75–80% in the early 2020s. However, we establish no significant effects linked to climate conditions of the previous winter in these species as a crucial cause of the changes of the proportion of females in the breeding population.

Keywords

WaterfowlPopulation dynamicsAdult sex ratioBreeding populationRed-listed speciesWinter weather conditions

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Avian Research
Volume 15 Issue 2,
June 2024
Article number: 100187
DOI: 10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100187
Cite this article:
Homolková M, Musil P, Pavón-Jordán D, et al. Changes in the adult sex ratio of six duck species breeding populations over two decades. Avian Research, 2024, 15(2): 100187. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avrs.2024.100187

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Received: 24 October 2023
Revised: 29 May 2024
Accepted: 30 May 2024
Published: 05 June 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
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