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Short Communication | Open Access

The soft glumes of common wheat are sterile-lemmas as determined by the domestication gene Q

Gaoyuan Songa,1, Guoliang Suna,1, Xingchen Konga, Meiling Jiaa, Ke Wanga, Xingguo Yea, Yun Zhoub, Shuaifeng Genga, Long Maoa( ), Aili Lia( )
National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Collaborative Innovation Center of Crop Stress Biology, Institute of Plant Stress Biology, School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, Henan, China

Peer review under responsibility of Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS.

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

The Q gene in common wheat encodes an APETALA2 (AP2) transcription factor that causes the free threshing attribute. Wheat spikelets bearing several florets are subtended by a pair of soft glumes that allow free liberation of seeds. In wild species, the glumes are tough and rigid, making threshing difficult. However, the nature of these “soft glumes”, caused by the domestication allele Q is not clear. Here, we found that over expression of Q in common wheat leads to homeotic florets at glume positions. We provide phenotypic, microscopy, and marker genes evidence to demonstrate that the soft glumes of common wheat are in fact lemma-like organs, or so-called sterile-lemmas. By comparing the structures subtending spikelets in wheat and other crops such as rice and maize, we found that AP2 genes may play conserved functions in grasses by manipulating vestigial structures, such as floret-derived soft glumes in wheat and empty glumes in rice. Conversion of these seemingly vegetative organs to reproductive organs may be useful in yield improvement of crop species.

Keywords

WheatSterile lemmaFloret developmentSpike morphology

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The Crop Journal
Volume 7 Issue 1,
February 2019
Pages 113-117
DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2018.11.001
Cite this article:
Song G, Sun G, Kong X, et al. The soft glumes of common wheat are sterile-lemmas as determined by the domestication gene Q. The Crop Journal, 2019, 7(1): 113-117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2018.11.001

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Received: 22 June 2018
Revised: 20 October 2018
Accepted: 19 November 2018
Published: 29 November 2018
© 2018 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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