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Research paper | Open Access

Transcriptome profiling reveals phase-specific gene expression in the developing barley inflorescence

Huiran Liua,1, Gang Lia,b,1( ), Xiujuan Yanga,b, Hendrik N.J. Kuijerb, Wanqi Lianga, Dabing Zhanga,b( )
Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University–University of Adelaide Joint Centre for Agriculture and Health, State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, South Australia 5064, Australia

Peer review under responsibility of Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS.

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

The shape of an inflorescence varies among cereals, ranging from a highly branched panicle in rice to a much more compact spike in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). However, little is known about the molecular basis of cereal inflorescence architecture. We profiled transcriptomes at three developmental stages of the barley main shoot apex — spikelet initiation, floral organ differentiation, and floral organ growth — and compared them with those from vegetative seedling tissue. Transcript analyses identified 3688 genes differentially transcribed between the three meristem stages, with a further 1394 genes preferentially expressed in reproductive compared with vegetative tissue. Co-expression assembly and Gene Ontology analysis classified these 4888 genes into 28 clusters, revealing distinct patterns for genes such as transcription factors, histone modification, and cell-cycle progression specific for each stage of inflorescence development. We also compared expression patterns of VRS (SIX-ROWED SPIKE) genes and auxin-, gibberellic acid- and cytokinin-associated genes between two-rowed and six-rowed barley to describe regulators of lateral spikelet fertility. Our findings reveal barley inflorescence phase-specific gene expression, identify new candidate genes that regulate barley meristem activities and flower development, and provide a new genetic resource for further dissection of the molecular mechanisms of spike development.

Keywords

TranscriptomeGene expressionHormonesBarleyInflorescence meristem

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The Crop Journal
Volume 8 Issue 1,
February 2020
Pages 71-86
DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.04.005
Cite this article:
Liu H, Li G, Yang X, et al. Transcriptome profiling reveals phase-specific gene expression in the developing barley inflorescence. The Crop Journal, 2020, 8(1): 71-86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2019.04.005

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Received: 16 March 2019
Revised: 26 April 2019
Accepted: 29 May 2019
Published: 06 June 2019
© 2019 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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