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Research paper | Open Access

Exogenous abscisic acid coordinating leaf senescence and transport of assimilates into wheat grains under drought stress by regulating hormones homeostasis

Yongli Luo1, Wenqian Li1, Cui Huang1, Junhao Yang, Min Jin, Jin Chen, Dangwei Pang, Yonglan Chang, Yong Li( ), Zhenlin Wang( )
National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Drought at the grain filling stage of wheat will cause premature leaf senescence, thus leading to considerable loss of wheat yield. Therefore, this paper aims to establish a cultivation technology for strong drought resistance, delayed senescence, and yield improvement based on the analysis of hormones homeostasis obtained by applying chemical control substances. Experiments were conducted with two genotypes of wheat. Four water irrigation treatments were applied to impose the water deficit, including well-watered control treatment (WW), mild water deficit (MiWD), moderate water deficit (MoWD), and severe water deficit (SWD). Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) was sprayed on the plants at the anthesis stage of the wheat. As a result, exogenous ABA reduced initial senescence rate (r0), total duration of chlorophyll (Chltotal), rapid senescence phase (Chlloss), and the accumulated temperature at an inflection point (M) but improved the persistence phase (Chlper) of flag leaves under all of the four treatments. However, exogenous ABA produced inconsistent effects on photoassimilate relocation and grain weight under different treatments. It produced positive regulatory effects on grain weight under WW, MiWD, and MoWD treatments. On the one hand, spraying ABA during the persistence phase of flag leaves reduced the ratios of zeatin to gibberellin (Z/GA3), spermine to spermidine (Spm/Spd), and salicylic acid to ABA (SA/ABA), which prolonged active photosynthesis by stimulating high level of proline (Pro) and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). Therefore, drought tolerance was enhanced, and more photosynthetic assimilates were accumulated. On the other hand, the rapid senescence phase and the transport rate of assimilates into grains were accelerated, resulting in higher grain weight, yield, and water use efficiency (WUE). However, under SWD treatment, exogenous ABA improved the ratio of SA/ABA, leading to low Pro content and low antioxidant enzyme activity of flag leaves in the rapid loss phase. Meanwhile, drought resistance declined and the transport duration of assimilates into grains was shortened, thus making photosynthetic assimilates redundant. Therefore, exogenous ABA can lead to the reduction in grain weight, yield, and WUE of wheat under SWD treatment.

Keywords

HormonesWheatLeaf senescenceWater deficit stressExogenous ABA

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The Crop Journal
Volume 9 Issue 4,
August 2021
Pages 901-914
DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2020.08.012
Cite this article:
Luo Y, Li W, Huang C, et al. Exogenous abscisic acid coordinating leaf senescence and transport of assimilates into wheat grains under drought stress by regulating hormones homeostasis. The Crop Journal, 2021, 9(4): 901-914. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2020.08.012

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Received: 30 April 2020
Revised: 17 June 2020
Accepted: 10 September 2020
Published: 17 November 2020
© 2021 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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