AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home The Crop Journal Article
PDF (1.6 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

The relationships between maize (Zea mays L.) lodging resistance and yield formation depend on dry matter allocation to ear and stem

Ping Zhanga,1, Shuangcheng Gua,1, Yuanyuan Wangb, Chenchen Xua, Yating Zhaoa, Xiaoli Liua, Pu Wanga( ), Shoubing Huanga( )
College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
College of Agronomy, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, Guangdong, China

1 These authors contributed equally to this study.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Lodging is a critical constraint to yield increase. There appear to be tradeoffs between yield formation and lodging resistance in maize. Hypothetically, it is feasible to reduce lodging risk as well as increase grain yield by optimizing dry-matter allocation to different organs under different environments. A three-year field experiment was conducted using four maize cultivars with differing lodging resistances and five growing environments in 2018–2020. Lodging-susceptible (LS) cultivars on average yielded more than lodging-resistant (LR) cultivars when lodging was not present. The yield components kernel number per ear (KN) and thousand-kernel weight (TKW) were both negatively correlated with lodging resistance traits (stalk bending strength, rind penetration strength, and dry matter weight per internode length). Before silking, the LR cultivar Lishou 1 (LS1) transported more assimilates to the basal stem, resulting in a thicker basal stem, which reduced dry matter allocation to the ear and in turn KN. The lower KN of LS1 was also due partly to the lower plant height (PH), which increased lodging resistance but limited plant dry matter production. In contrast, the LS cultivars Xianyu 335 (XY335) and Xundan 20 (XD20) produced and allocated more photoassimilates to ears, but limited dry matter allocation to stems. After silking, LS cultivars showed higher TKW than LR cultivars as a function of high photoassimilate productivity and high assimilate allocation to the ear. The higher lodging resistance of LS1 was due mainly to the greater assimilate allocation to stem after silking and lower PH and ear height (EH). High-yielding and high-LR traits of Fumin (FM985) were related to optimized EH and stem anatomical structure, higher leaf productivity, low assimilate demand for kernel formation, and assimilate partitioning to ear. A high pre-silking temperature accelerated stem extension but reduced stem dry matter accumulation and basal stem strength. Post-silking temperature influences lodging resistance and yield more than other environmental factors. These results will be useful in understanding the tradeoffs between KN, KW, and LR in maize and environmental influences on these tradeoffs.

Keywords

CornLodgingYield formationPhysical traitsDry matter allocation

References

[1]
FAOSTAT, Food and agriculture organization of the United Nations, https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data , 2020 (Accessed on February 10, 2003).
[2]

Y.E. Roell, A. Beucher, P.G. Møller, M.B. Greve, M.H. Greve, Comparing a random forest based prediction of winter wheat yield to historical yield potential, Agronomy 10 (2020) 395–412.
Crossref Google Scholar
[3]

B. Shiferaw, B.M. Prasanna, J. Hellin, M. Bänziger, Crops that feed the world 6. Past successes and future challenges to the role played by maize in global food security, Food Secur. 3 (2011) 307–327.
Crossref Google Scholar
[4]

Q. Zhang, L.Z. Zhang, J.C. Evers, W. van der Werf, W.Q. Zhang, L.S. Duan, Maize yield and quality in response to plant density and application of a novel plant growth regulator, Field Crops Res. 164 (2014) 82–89.
Crossref Google Scholar
[5]

S.A. Flint-Garcia, C. Jampatong, L.L. Darrah, M.D. McMullen, Quantitative trait locus analysis of stalk strength in four maize populations, Crop Sci. 43 (2003) 13–22.
Crossref Google Scholar
[6]

H. Hu, W. Liu, Z. Fu, L. Homann, F. Technow, H. Wang, C. Song, S. Li, A.E. Melchinger, S. Chen, QTL mapping of stalk bending strength in a recombinant inbred line maize population, Theor. Appl. Genet. 126 (2013) 2257–2266.
Crossref Google Scholar
[7]

A.Y. Kamara, J.G. Kling, A. Menkir, O. Ibikunle, Association of vertical rootpulling resistance with root lodging and grain yield in selected s-1 maize lines derived from a tropical low-nitrogen population, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 189 (2003) 129–135.
Crossref Google Scholar
[8]

L. Huang, J.F. Qiao, J.B. Liu, L.K. Xia, W.H. Zhu, C. Li, Q.W. Zhou, Research on the relationship between maize lodging resistance and grain mechanically harvesting qualities in different planting density, Acta Agric. BorealiOccident. Sin. 30 (2015) 198–201 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Google Scholar
[9]

J. Xue, R.Z. Xie, W.F. Zhang, K.R. Wang, P. Hou, B.O. Ming, L. Gou, S. Li, Research progress on reduced lodging of high-yield and -density maize, J. Integr. Agric. 16 (2017) 2717–2725.
Crossref Google Scholar
[10]

J. Xue, L. Gou, Y.S. Zhao, M.N. Yao, H.S. Yao, J.S. Tian, W.F. Zhang, Effects of light intensity within the canopy on maize lodging, Field Crops Res. 188 (2016) 133–141.
Crossref Google Scholar
[11]

C.J. Stubbs, Y.A. Oduntan, T.R. Keep, S.D. Noble, D.J. Robertson, The effect of plant weight on estimations of stalk lodging resistance, Plant Methods 16 (2020) 128–145.
Crossref Google Scholar
[12]

J. Xue, S. Gao, Y.H. Fan, L.L. Li, B. Ming, K.R. Wang, R.Z. Xie, P. Hou, S.K. Li, Traits of plant morphology, stalk mechanical strength, and biomass accumulation in the selection of lodging-resistant maize cultivars, Eur. J. Agron. 117 (2020) 126073.
Crossref Google Scholar
[13]

D.J. Robertson, M. Julias, B.W. Gardunia, T. Barten, D.D. Cook, Corn stalk lodging: a forensic engineering approach provides insights into failure patterns and mechanisms, Crop Sci. 55 (2015) 2833–2841.
Crossref Google Scholar
[14]

Y.S. Yang, X.X. Guo, P. Hou, J. Xue, G.Z. Liu, W.M. Liu, Y.H. Wang, R.L. Zhao, B. Ming, R.Z. Xie, K.R. Wang, S.K. Li, Quantitative effects of solar radiation on maize lodging resistance mechanical properties, Field Crops Res. 255 (2020) 107906.
Crossref Google Scholar
[15]

L. Gou, M. Zhao, J.J. Huang, B. Zhang, T. Li, R. Sun, Bending mechanical properties of stalk and lodging-resistance of maize (Zea mays L.), Acta Agron. Sin. 34 (2008) 653–661 (in Chinese with English abstract).
Crossref Google Scholar
[16]

D.J. Robertson, M. Julias, S.Y. Lee, D.D. Cook, Maize stalk lodging: morphological determinants of stalk strength, Crop Sci. 57 (2017) 926–934.
Crossref Google Scholar
[17]

J. Xue, Y. Zhao, L. Gou, Z. Shi, M. Yao, W. Zhang, How high plant density of maize affects basal internode development and strength formation, Crop Sci. 56 (2016) 3295–3306.
Crossref Google Scholar
[18]

D.H. Bian, G.P. Jia, L.J. Cai, Z.Y. Ma, A.E. Eneji, Y.H. Cui, Effects of tillage practices on root characteristics and root lodging resistance of maize, Field Crops Res. 185 (2016) 89–96.
Crossref Google Scholar
[19]

A. Sher, A. Khan, U. Ashraf, H.H. Liu, J.C. Li, Characterization of the effect of increased plant density on canopy morphology and stalk lodging risk, Front. Plant Sci. 9 (2018) 1047.
Crossref Google Scholar
[20]

M. Kamran, I. Ahmad, H.Q. Wang, X.R. Wu, J. Xu, T.N. Liu, R.X. Ding, Q.F. Han, Mepiquat chloride application increases lodging resistance of maize by enhancing stem physical strength and lignin biosynthesis, Field Crops Res. 224 (2018) 148–159.
Crossref Google Scholar
[21]

G.M. Huang, Y.R. Liu, Y.L. Guo, C.X. Peng, W.M. Tan, M.C. Zhang, Z.H. Li, Y.Y. Zhou, L.S. Duan, A novel plant growth regulator improves the grain yield of highdensity maize crops by reducing stalk lodging and promoting a compact plant type, Field Crops Res. 260 (2021) 107982.
Crossref Google Scholar
[22]

J. Gao, B. Zhao, S.T. Dong, P. Liu, B.Z. Ren, J.W. Zhang, Response of summer maize photosynthate accumulation and distribution to shading stress assessed by using 13CO2 stable isotope tracer in the field, Front. Plant Sci. 8 (2017) 1821.
Crossref Google Scholar
[23]

I. Ahmad, S. Ahmad, X.N. Yang, X.P. Meng, B.P. Yang, T. Liu, Q.F. Han, R. Leegood, Effect of uniconazole and nitrogen level on lodging resistance and yield potential of maize under medium and high plant density, Plant Biol. 23 (2021) 485–496.
Crossref Google Scholar
[24]

Y.S. Yang, X.X. Guo, G.Z. Liu, W.M. Liu, J. Xue, B. Ming, R.Z. Xie, K.R. Wang, P. Hou, S.K. Li, Solar radiation effects on dry matter accumulations and transfer in maize, Front. Plant Sci. 12 (2021) 727134.
Crossref Google Scholar
[25]

M.J. Foulkes, G.A. Slafer, W.J. Davies, P.M. Berry, R. Sylvester-Bradley, P. Martre, D.F. Calderini, S. Griffiths, M.P. Reynolds, Raising yield potential of wheat. Ⅲ. optimizing partitioning to grain while maintaining lodging resistance, J. Exp. Bot. 62 (2011) 469–486.
Crossref Google Scholar
[26]

F.J. Piñera-Chavez, P.M. Berry, M.J. Foulkes, G. Molero, M.P. Reynolds, Avoiding lodging in irrigated spring wheat. Ⅱ. genetic variation of stem and root structural properties, Field Crops Res. 196 (2016) 64–74.
Crossref Google Scholar
[27]

W. Wu, B.L. Ma, J.J. Fan, M. Sun, Y. Yi, W.S. Guo, H.D. Voldeng, Management of nitrogen fertilization to balance reducing lodging risk and increasing yield and protein content in spring wheat, Field Crops Res. 241 (2019) 107584.
Crossref Google Scholar
[28]

F.H. Andrade, C. Vega, S. Uhart, A. Cirilo, M. Cantarero, O. Valentinuz, Kernel number determination in maize, Crop Sci. 39 (1999) 453–459.
Crossref Google Scholar
[29]

L. Borrás, L.N. Vitantonio-Mazzini, Maize reproductive development and kernel set under limited plant growth environments, J. Exp. Bot. 69 (2018) 3235–3243.
Crossref Google Scholar
[30]

V.H. Gonzalez, E.A. Lee, L.L. Lukens, C.J. Swanton, The relationship between floret number and plant dry matter accumulation varies with early season stress in maize (Zea mays L.), Field Crops Res. 238 (2019) 129–138.
Crossref Google Scholar
[31]

L. Echarte, F.H. Andrade, C.R.C. Vega, M. Tollenaar, Kernel number determination in Argentinean maize hybrids released between 1965 and 1993, Crop Sci. 44 (2004) 1654–1661.
Crossref Google Scholar
[32]

C.R.C. Vega, F.H. Andrade, V.O. Sadras, S.A. Uhart, O.R. Valentinuz, Seed number as a function of growth. A comparative study in soybean, sunflower, and maize, Crop Sci. 41 (2001) 748–754.
Crossref Google Scholar
[33]

G.A. Slafer, M. Elia, R. Savin, G.A. García, I.I. Terrile, A. Ferrante, D.J. Miralles, F. G. González, Fruiting efficiency: an alternative trait to further rise wheat yield, Food Energy Secur. 4 (2015) 92–109.
Crossref Google Scholar
[34]

J. Cárcova, B. Andrieu, M.E. Otegui, Silk elongation in maize: relationship with flower development and pollination, Crop Sci. 43 (2003) 914–920.
Crossref Google Scholar
[35]

H.G. Jung, M.D. Casler, Maize stem tissues: cell wall concentration and composition during development, Crop Sci. 46 (2006) 1793–1800.
Crossref Google Scholar
[36]

V. Mahalakshmi, S. Sivaramakrishnan, F.R. Bidinger, Contribution of preanthesis and postanthesis photosynthates to grain in pearl-millet under water deficit, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 170 (1993) 91–96.
Crossref Google Scholar
[37]

K.E. D'Andrea, C.V. Piedra, C.I. Mandolino, R. Bender, A.M. Cerri, A.G. Cirilo, M.E. Otegui, Contribution of reserves to kernel weight and grain yield determination in maize: phenotypic and genotypic variation, Crop Sci. 56 (2016) 697–706.
Crossref Google Scholar
[38]

I. Rajcan, M. Tollenaar, Source: sink ratio and leaf senescence in maize: I. dry matter accumulation and partitioning during grain filling, Field Crops Res. 60 (1999) 245–253.
Crossref Google Scholar
[39]

M.E. Otegui, S. Melón, Kernel set and flower synchrony within the ear of maize: I. sowing date effects, Crop Sci. 37 (1997) 441–447.
Crossref Google Scholar
[40]

B. Zhou, Y. Yue, X. Sun, Z. Ding, W. Ma, M. Zhao, Maize kernel weight responses to sowing date-associated variation in weather conditions, Crop J. 5 (2017) 43–51.
Crossref Google Scholar
[41]

P. Hou, Y.E. Liu, W.M. Liu, H.S. Yang, R.Z. Xie, K.R. Wang, B. Ming, G.Z. Liu, J. Xue, Y.H. Wang, R.L. Zhao, W.J. Zhang, Y.H. Wang, S.F. Bian, H. Ren, X.Y. Zhao, P. Liu, J.Z. Chang, G.H. Zhang, J.Y. Liu, L.Z. Yuan, H.Y. Zhao, L. Shi, L.L. Zhang, L. Yu, J.L. Gao, X.F. Yu, Z.G. Wang, L.G. Shen, P. Ji, S.Z. Yang, Z.D. Zhang, J.Q. Xue, X.F. Ma, X.Q. Wang, T.Q. Lu, B.C. Dong, G. Li, B.X. Ma, J.Q. Li, X.F. Deng, Y.H. Liu, Q. Yang, C.L. Jia, X.P. Chen, H. Fu, S.K. Li, Quantifying maize grain yield losses caused by climate change based on extensive field data across China, Resour. Conserv. Recycl. 174 (2021) 105811.
Crossref Google Scholar
[42]

S. Asseng, F. Ewert, P. Martre, R.P. Rötter, D.B. Lobell, D. Cammarano, B.A. Kimball, M.J. Ottman, G.W. Wall, J.W. White, M.P. Reynolds, P.D. Alderman, P.V. V. Prasad, P.K. Aggarwal, J. Anothai, B. Basso, C. Biernath, A.J. Challinor, G.D. Sanctis, J. Doltra, E. Fereres, M. Garcia-Vila, S. Gayler, G. Hoogenboom, L.A. Hunt, R.C. Izaurralde, M. Jabloun, C.D. Jones, K.C. Kersebaum, A.K. Koehler, C. Müller, S. Naresh Kumar, C. Nendel, G. O'Leary, J.E. Olesen, T. Palosuo, E. Priesack, E.E. Rezaei, A.C. Ruane, M.A. Semenov, I. Shcherbak, C. Stöckle, P. Stratonovitch, T. Streck, I. Supit, F. Tao, P.J. Thorburn, K. Waha, E. Wang, D. Wallach, J. Wolf, Z. Zhao, Y. Zhu, Rising temperatures reduce global wheat production, Nat. Clim. Change 5 (2014) 143–147.
Crossref Google Scholar
[43]

W. Wu, B.L. Ma, Assessment of canola crop lodging under elevated temperatures for adaptation to climate change, Agric. For. Meteorol. 248 (2018) 329–338.
Crossref Google Scholar
[44]

P. Zhang, S.C. Gu, Y.Y. Wang, R.M. Yang, Y. Yan, S. Zhang, D.C. Sheng, P. Wang, S. B. Huang, Morphological and mechanical variables associated with lodging in maize (Zea mays L.), Field Crops Res. 269 (2021) 108178.
Crossref Google Scholar
[45]

B. Tian, J. Zhu, Y. Nie, C. Xu, Q. Meng, P.U. Wang, Mitigating heat and chilling stress by adjusting the sowing date of maize in the north china plain, J. Agron. Crop Sci. 205 (2019) 77–87.
Crossref Google Scholar
[46]

X. Dong, L. Guan, P.H. Zhang, X.L. Liu, S.J. Li, Z.J. Fu, L. Tang, Z.Y. Qi, Z.G. Qiu, C. Jin, S.B. Huang, H. Yang, Responses of maize with different growth periods to heat stress around flowering and early grain filling, Agric. For. Meteorol. 303 (2021) 108378.
Crossref Google Scholar
[47]

M.J. Novacek, S.C. Mason, T.D. Galusha, M. Yaseen, Twin rows minimally impact irrigated maize yield, morphology, and lodging, Agron. J. 105 (2013) 268–276.
Crossref Google Scholar
[48]

M.A.O. Oladokun, A.R. Ennos, Structural development and stability of rice Oryza sativa L. var. Nerica 1, J. Exp. Bot. 57 (2006) 3123–3130.
Crossref Google Scholar
[49]

P. Zhang, Y. Yan, S.C. Gu, Y.Y. Wang, C.L. Xu, D.C. Sheng, Y.B. Li, P. Wang, S.B. Huang, Lodging resistance in maize: a function of root-shoot interactions, Eur. J. Agron. 132 (2022) 126393.
Crossref Google Scholar
[50]

P. Ning, S. Li, P. Yu, Y. Zhang, C.J. Li, Post-silking accumulation and partitioning of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in maize varieties differing in leaf longevity, Field Crops Res. 144 (2013) 19–27.
Crossref Google Scholar
[51]

C. Rivera-Amado, E. Trujillo-Negrellos, G. Molero, P.M. Reynolds, R. SylvesterBradley, M.J. Foulkes, Optimizing dry-matter partitioning for increased spike growth, grain number and harvest index in spring wheat, Field Crops Res. 240 (2019) 154–167.
Crossref Google Scholar
[52]
R Core Team, R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria, 2020.
[53]

C.Z. Li, C.J. Li, Ridge-furrow with plastic film mulching system decreases the lodging risk for summer maize plants under different nitrogen fertilization rates and varieties in dry semi-humid areas, Field Crops Res. 263 (2021) 108056.
Crossref Google Scholar
[54]

P.M. Berry, R. Sylvester-Bradley, S. Berry, Ideotype design for lodging-resistant wheat, Euphytica 154 (2007) 165–179.
Crossref Google Scholar
[55]

D.J. Miralles, G.A. Slafer, Yield, biomass and yield components in dwarf, semidwarf and tall isogenic lines of spring wheat under recommended and late sowing dates, Plant Breed. 114 (1995) 392–396.
Crossref Google Scholar
[56]

F.D. Beed, N.D. Paveley, R. Sylvester-bradley, Predictability of wheat growth and yield in light-limited conditions, J. Agric. Sci. 145 (2007) 63–79.
Crossref Google Scholar
[57]

M. Tollenaar, L.M. Dwyer, D.W. Stewart, Ear and kernel formation in maize hybrids representing three decades of grain yield improvement in Ontario, Crop Sci. 32 (1992) 432–438.
Crossref Google Scholar
[58]

C.L. Xu, Y.B. Gao, B.J. Tian, J.H. Ren, Q.F. Meng, P. Wang, Effects of EDAH, a novel plant growth regulator, on mechanical strength, stalk vascular bundles and grain yield of summer maize at high densities, Field Crops Res. 200 (2017) 71–79.
Crossref Google Scholar
[59]

Y. Zhao, Y. Lv, S. Zhang, F. Ning, Y. Cao, S. Liao, P.U. Wang, S. Huang, Shortening internodes near ear: An alternative to raise maize yield, J. Plant Growth Regul. 41 (2022) 628–638.
Crossref Google Scholar
[60]

G.A. Maddonni, M.E. Otegui, R. Bonhomme, Grain yield components in maize: Ⅱ. postsilking growth and kernel weight, Field Crops Res. 56 (1998) 257–264.
Crossref Google Scholar
[61]

L. Borrás, M.E. Otegui, Maize kernel weight response to postflowering sourcesink ratio, Crop Sci. 41 (2001) 1816–1822.
Crossref Google Scholar
[62]

B.L. Gambín, L. Borrás, M.E. Otegui, Source-sink relations and kernel weight differences in maize temperate hybrids, Field Crops Res. 95 (2006) 316–326.
Crossref Google Scholar
[63]

B. Sánchez, A. Rasmussen, J.R. Porter, Temperatures and the growth and development of maize and rice: a review, Glob. Change Biol. 20 (2014) 408–417.
Crossref Google Scholar
[64]

Z. Gao, H.Y. Feng, X.G. Liang, S. Lin, S.L. Zhou, Adjusting the sowing date of spring maize did not mitigate against heat stress in the north china plain, Agric. For. Meteorol. 298–299 (2021) 108274.
Crossref Google Scholar
[65]

L.E. Bonelli, J.P. Monzon, A. Cerrudo, R.H. Rizzalli, F.H. Andrade, Maize grain yield components and source-sink relationship as affected by the delay in sowing date, Field Crops Res. 198 (2016) 215–225.
Crossref Google Scholar
[66]

I.R. Hisse, K.E. D'Andrea, M.E. Otegui, Kernel weight responses to the photothermal environment in maize dent × flint and flint × flint hybrids, Crop Sci. 61 (2021) 1996–2011.
Crossref Google Scholar
[67]

L. Borrás, G.A. Slafer, M.E. Otegui, Seed dry weight response to source-sink manipulations in wheat, maize and soybean: a quantitative reappraisal, Field Crops Res. 86 (2004) 131–146.
Crossref Google Scholar
[68]

D.J. Allen, D.R. Ort, Impacts of chilling temperatures on photosynthesis in warm-climate plants, Trends Plant Sci. 6 (2001) 36–42.
Crossref Google Scholar
The Crop Journal
Volume 11 Issue 1,
February 2023
Pages 258-268
DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2022.04.020
Cite this article:
Zhang P, Gu S, Wang Y, et al. The relationships between maize (Zea mays L.) lodging resistance and yield formation depend on dry matter allocation to ear and stem. The Crop Journal, 2023, 11(1): 258-268. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2022.04.020

400

Views

5

Downloads

18

Crossref

0

Web of Science

21

Scopus

1

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 23 December 2021
Revised: 21 April 2022
Accepted: 24 April 2022
Published: 25 June 2022
© 2022 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Return