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Research Article | Open Access

Genetic mechanism of heterosis for rice milling and appearance quality in an elite rice hybrid

Hui Youa,b,1, Sundus Zafarc,1, Fan Zhangb, Shuangbing Zhuc, Kai Chenc, Congcong Shenc, Xiuqin Zhaob, Wenzhong Zhanga( ), Jianlong Xub,c,d( )
Rice Research Institute, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, Liaoning, China
The National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, Guangdong, China
Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Lab/National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya 572024, Hainan, China

1 These authors have contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Development of hybrid rice with high yield and grain quality is a goal of rice breeding. To investigate the genetic mechanism of heterosis for rice milling and appearance quality in indica/xian rice, QTL mapping was conducted using 1061 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from a cross of the xian rice cultivars Quan9311B (Q9311B) and Wu-shan-si-miao (WSSM), and a backcross F1 (BC1F1) population developed by crossing the RILs with Quan9311A (Q9311A), combined with phenotyping in two environments. The F1 hybrid (Q9311A × WSSM) showed various degrees of heterosis for milling and appearance quality. A total of 142 main-effect QTL (M-QTL) and 407 pairs of epistatic QTL (E-QTL) were identified for five milling and appearance quality traits and grain yield per plant (GYP) in the RIL, BC1F1 and mid-parental heterosis (HMP) populations. Differential detection of QTL in three populations revealed that most additive loci detected in the RILs did not show heterotic effects, but some of them did contribute to BC1F1 trait performance. Unlike heterosis of GYP, single-locus overdominance and epistasis were the main contributors to heterosis for milling and appearance quality. Epistasis contributed more to the heterosis for milling quality than to that for appearance quality. Three (four) QTL regions harboring opposite (consistent) directions of favorable allele effects for GYP and grain quality were identified, indicating the presence of partial genetic overlaps between GYP and grain quality. Three strategies are proposed to develop hybrid rice with high yield and good grain quality: 1) pyramiding favorable alleles with consistent directions of gene effects for GYP and grain quality at the M-QTL on different chromosomes; 2) introgressing favorable alleles for GYP and grain quality into the parents and then pyramiding and fixing these additive effects in hybrids; and 3) pyramiding overdominant and dominant loci and minimizing or eliminating underdominant loci from the parents.

Keywords

HeterosisMilling and appearance qualityQuantitative trait locus/loci (QTL)Hybrid ricePyramiding breeding

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The Crop Journal
Volume 10 Issue 6,
December 2022
Pages 1705-1716
DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2022.05.001
Cite this article:
You H, Zafar S, Zhang F, et al. Genetic mechanism of heterosis for rice milling and appearance quality in an elite rice hybrid. The Crop Journal, 2022, 10(6): 1705-1716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2022.05.001

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Received: 15 January 2022
Revised: 27 March 2022
Accepted: 09 May 2022
Published: 16 May 2022
© 2022 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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