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Research paper | Open Access

Two soybean homologues of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 control flowering time under long day conditions

Lingshuang Wanga,1, Chun Linb,1, Bohui Lia,1, Tong Sua, Shichen Lia, Haiyang Lic, Fanglei Heb, Chuanjie Goua, Zheng Chena, Yanan Wanga, Jun Qind, Baohui Liua, Fanjiang Konga, Lin Yuea( ), Sijia Lua( ), Chao Fanga( )
Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, Guangdong, China
College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, National Center for Soybean Improvement, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
Institute of Cereal & Oil Crop, Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Breeding of Hebei, Shijiazhuang 050035, Hebei, China

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

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Abstract

Flowering time is a key agronomic trait that directly affect the adaptation and yield of soybean. After whole genome duplications, about 75% of genes being represented by multiple copies in soybean. There are four TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) genes in soybean, and the TFL1b (Dt1) has been characterized as the determinant of stem growth habit. The function of other TFL1 homologs in soybean is still unclear. Here, we generated knockout mutants by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology and found that the tfl1c/tfl1d double mutants flowered significantly earlier than wild-type plants. We investigated that TFL1c and TFL1d could physically interact with the bZIP transcription factor FDc1 and bind to the promoter of APETALA1a (AP1a). RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses indicated that TFL1c and TFL1d repressed the expressions of the four AP1 homologs and delayed the flowering time in soybean. The two genes play important roles in the regulation of flowering time in soybean and mainly act as the flowering inhibitors under long-day conditions. Our results identify novel components in the flowering-time regulation network of soybean and will be invaluable for molecular breeding of improved soybean yield.

Keywords

Flowering timeSoybeanTFL1cTFL1d

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The Crop Journal
Volume 11 Issue 3,
June 2023
Pages 704-712
DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2023.01.008
Cite this article:
Wang L, Lin C, Li B, et al. Two soybean homologues of TERMINAL FLOWER 1 control flowering time under long day conditions. The Crop Journal, 2023, 11(3): 704-712. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cj.2023.01.008

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Received: 30 November 2022
Revised: 11 January 2023
Accepted: 13 February 2023
Published: 24 February 2023
© 2022 Crop Science Society of China and Institute of Crop Science, CAAS.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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