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Full Length Article | Open Access

Resonance mechanism of flapping wing based on fluid structure interaction simulation

Yueyang GUOa,b,, Wenqing YANGa,b,c( ), Yuanbo DONGa, Dong XUEa,b,c
National Key Laboratory of Science and Technology on Aerodynamic Design and Research, School of Aeronautics, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’ an 710072, China
Research & Development Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University in Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518063, China
Yangtze River Delta Research Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Taicang 215400, China

Peer review under responsibility of Editorial Committee of CJA.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Certain insect species have been observed to exploit the resonance mechanism of their wings. In order to achieve resonance and optimize aerodynamic performance, the conventional approach is to set the flapping frequency of flexible wings based on the Traditional Structural Modal (TSM) analysis. However, there exists controversy among researchers regarding the relationship between frequency and aerodynamic performance. Recognizing that the structural response of wings can be influenced by the surrounding air vibrations, an analysis known as Acoustic Structure Interaction Modal (ASIM) is introduced to calculate the resonant frequency. In this study, Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI) simulations are employed to investigate the aerodynamic performance of flapping wings at modal frequencies derived from both TSM and ASIM analyses. The performance is evaluated for various mass ratios and frequency ratios, and the findings indicate that the deformation and changes in vortex structure exhibit similarities at mass ratios that yield the highest aerodynamic performance. Notably, the flapping frequency associated with the maximum time-averaged vertical force coefficient at each mass ratio closely aligns with the ASIM frequency, as does the frequency corresponding to maximum efficiency. Thus, the ASIM analysis can provide an effective means for predicting the optimal flapping frequency for flexible wings. Furthermore, it enables the prediction that flexible wings with varying mass ratios will exhibit similar deformation and vortex structure changes. This paper offers a fresh perspective on the ongoing debate concerning the resonance mechanism of Flexible Flapping Wings (FFWs) and proposes an effective methodology for predicting their aerodynamic performance.

Keywords

Flexible Flapping Wing (FFW)Acoustic Structure Interaction Modal (ASIM)Fluid Structure Interaction (FSI)Resonance mechanismAerodynamic performance

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Chinese Journal of Aeronautics
Volume 37 Issue 5,
May 2024
Pages 243-262
DOI: 10.1016/j.cja.2024.01.011
Cite this article:
GUO Y, YANG W, DONG Y, et al. Resonance mechanism of flapping wing based on fluid structure interaction simulation. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 2024, 37(5): 243-262. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2024.01.011

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Received: 02 June 2023
Revised: 20 August 2023
Accepted: 29 October 2023
Published: 11 January 2024
© 2024 Chinese Society of Aeronautics and Astronautics.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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