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Review | Open Access

Copper-based electro-catalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia from water: Mechanism, preparation, and research directions

Jinshan Wei1( ), Yi Li1, Hexing Lin1, Xihui Lu1, Chucheng Zhou, Ya-yun Li( )
Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials & Shenzhen Engineering Laboratory for Advance Technology of Ceramics, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China

1 These authors contributed equally to this paper.

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Abstract

Global water bodies are increasingly imperiled by nitrate pollution, primarily originating from industrial waste, agricultural runoffs, and urban sewage. This escalating environmental crisis challenges traditional water treatment paradigms and necessitates innovative solutions. Electro-catalysis, especially utilizing copper-based catalysts, known for their efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and eco-friendliness, offer a promising avenue for the electro-catalytic reduction of nitrate to ammonia. In this review, we systematically consolidate current research on diverse copper-based catalysts, including pure Cu, Cu alloys, oxides, single-atom entities, and composites. Furthermore, we assess their catalytic performance, operational mechanisms, and future research directions to find effective, long-term solutions to water purification and ammonia synthesis. Electro-catalysis technology shows the potential in mitigating nitrate pollution and has strategic importance in sustainable environmental management. As to the application, challenges regarding complexity of the real water, the scale-up of the commerical catalysts, and the efficient collection of produced NH3 are still exist. Following reseraches of catalyst specially on long term stability and in situ mechanisms are proposed.

Keywords

Water treatmentNitrate removalElectrocatalysisCu catalystsAmmonia synthesis

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology
Volume 20,
July 2024
Article number: 100383
DOI: 10.1016/j.ese.2023.100383
Cite this article:
Wei J, Li Y, Lin H, et al. Copper-based electro-catalytic nitrate reduction to ammonia from water: Mechanism, preparation, and research directions. Environmental Science and Ecotechnology, 2024, 20: 100383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ese.2023.100383

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Received: 17 August 2023
Revised: 21 December 2023
Accepted: 21 December 2023
Published: 28 December 2023
© 2023 The Authors. Chinese Society for Environmental Sciences, Harbin Institute of Technology, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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