AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Forest Ecosystems Article
PDF (1.2 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Patterns and driving factors of leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry in two forest types with different stand ages in a mid-subtropical zone

Yunni Changa,b, Quanlin Zhonga,b,c( ), Hong Yangd,e, Chaobin Xua,b, Weiping Huaf,g, Baoyin Lia,b,c( )
Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Eco-physiology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
College of Geographical Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
State Key Laboratory for Subtropical Mountain Ecology of the Ministry of Science and Technology and Fujian Province, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350007, China
Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, UK
College of Ecological and Resources Engineering, Wuyi University, Wuyishan, 354300, China
College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Background

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) stoichiometry is a key indicator of nutrient utilization in plants, and C/N/P ratios are related to the life histories and adaptation strategies of tree species. However, no consensus has been reached on how leaf stoichiometric characteristics are affected by forest type and stand ages. The relationships between leaf stoichiometry and geographical, meteorological, and soil factors also remain poorly understood.

Methods

Leaf and soil were sampled from forest stands of different age groups (young, middle-aged, near-mature, and mature) in two forest types (Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) forests and evergreen broadleaved forests). The relationships between leaf C, N, and P stoichiometric parameters and geographical, meteorological, and soil factors were analysed by using redundancy analysis (RDA) and stepwise linear regression analysis.

Results

Leaf C concentrations peaked in the near-mature stands with increasing age irrespective of forest type. Leaf N and P concentrations fluctuated with a rising trend in Chinese fir forests, while decreased first and increased later from young to mature phases in natural evergreen broadleaved forests. Chinese fir forests were primarily limited by N and P, while natural evergreen broadleaved forests were more susceptible to P limitation. Leaf C, N, and P stoichiometric characteristics in Chinese fir forests were mainly affected by the soil total P concentration (SP), longitude (LNG), growing season precipitation (GSP) and mean temperature in July (JUT). The leaf C concentration was mainly affected by GSP and JUT; leaf N and P concentrations were both positively correlated with LNG; and leaf P was positively correlated with SP. In evergreen broadleaved forests, however, leaf stoichiometric parameters displayed significant correlations with latitude (LAT) and mean annual precipitation (MAP).

Conclusions

Leaf stoichiometry differed among forest stands of different age groups and forest types. Leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry was primarily explained by the combinations of SP, LNG, GSP and JUT in Chinese fir forests. LAT and MAP were the main controlling factors affecting the variations in the leaf C, N, and P status in natural evergreen broadleaved forests, which supports the temperature-plant physiological hypothesis. These findings improve the understanding of the distribution patterns and driving mechanisms of leaf stoichiometry linked with stand age and forest type.

Keywords

Environmental factorsLeaf stoichiometryC/N/P ratiosStand age groupsChinese fir forestNatural evergreen broadleaved forest

References

 

Agren G.I., 2004. The C:N:P stoichiometry of autotrophs-theory and observations. Ecol. Lett. 7(3), 185-191
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Bai Y.F., Chen S.Y., Shi S.R., Qi M.J., Liu X.H., Wang H., Wang Y.X., Jiang C.Q., 2020. Effects of different management approaches on the stoichiometric characteristics of soil C, N, and P in a mature Chinese fir plantation. Sci. Total. Environ. 723, 137868
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Bielczynski L.W., Lacki M.K., Hoefnagels I., Gambin A., Croce R., 2017. Leaf and plant age affects photosynthetic performance and photoprotective capacity. Plant. Physiol. 175, 1634-1648
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Bui E.N., Henderson B.L., 2013. C:N:P stoichiometry in Australian soils with respect to vegetation and environmental factors. Plant Soil. 373, 553-568
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Cao X.Y., Li J.P., Yang J., Yan W.D., 2019. Stoichiometric characterization of soil C, N, and P of different age-group Chinese fir plantations. Soils 51(2), 290-296 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Cao Y., Chen Y., 2017. Coupling of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry in black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) plantations on the Loess Plateau, China. Trees 31(5), 1559-1570
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Cao Y.B., Wang B.T., Wei T.T., Ma H., 2016. Ecological stoichiometric characteristics and element reserves of three stands in a closed forest on the Chinese loess plateau. Environ. Monit. Assess. 188(2), 80
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Cai Q., Ding J.X., Zhang Z.L., Hu J., Wang Q.T., Yin M.Z., Liu Q., Yin H.J., 2019. Distribution patterns and driving factors of leaf C, N and P stoichiometry of coniferous species on the eastern Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, China. Chin. J. Plant Ecol. 43(12), 1048-1060 (in Chinese)
Crossref Google Scholar
 
ChangY.N.ZhongQ.L.ChengD.L.XuC.B.HuB.ZhangZ.Stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, P and their distribution pattern in plants of Castanopsis carlesii natural forest in YouxiJ. Plant Resour. Environ.2013223110

Chang Y.N., Zhong Q.L., Cheng D.L., Xu C.B., Hu B., Zhang Z., 2013. Stoichiometric characteristics of C, N, P and their distribution pattern in plants of Castanopsis carlesii natural forest in Youxi. J. Plant Resour. Environ. 22(3), 1-10 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Chen Y.H., Han W.X., Tang L.Y., Tang Z.Y., Fang J.Y., 2013. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of woody plants differ in responses to climate, soil and plant growth form. Ecography 36(2), 178-184
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Ding H., Yang Y.F., Xu H.G., Fang Y.M., Chen X., Yang Q., Yi X.G., Xu H., Wen X.R., Xu X.J., 2015. Species composition and community structure of the typical evergreen broadleaved forest in the Wuyi Mountains of Southeastern China. Acta Ecol. Sin. 35(4), 1142-1154 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Elser J.J., Bracken M.E.S., Cleland E.E., Gruner D.S., Harpole W.S., Hillebrand H., Ngai J.T., Seabloom E.W., Shurin J.B., Smith J.E., 2007. Global analysis of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation of primary producers in freshwater, marine and terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol. Lett. 10, 1135-1142
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Elser J.J., Sterner R.W., Gorokhova E., Fagan W.F., Markow T.A., Cotner J.B., Harrison J.F., Hobbie S.E., Odell G.M., Weider L.J., 2000. Biological stoichiometry from genes to ecosystems. Ecol. Lett. 3(6), 540-550
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Fan H.H., Wu J.P., Liu W.F., Yuan Y.H., Hu L., Cai Q.K., 2015. Linkages of plant and soil C:N:P stoichiometry and their relationships to forest growth in subtropical plantations. Plant Soil. 392, 127-138
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Fitter A., Hillebrand H., 2009.) Microbial food web structure affects bottom-up effects and elemental stoichiometry in periphyton assemblages. Limnol. Oceanogr. 54, 2183-2200
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Frost P.C., Evans-White M.A., Finkel Z.V., Jensen T.C., Matzek V., 2005. Are you what you eat? Physiological constraints on organismal stoichiometry in an elementally imbalanced world. Oikos 109, 18-28
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Gao S.P., Li J.X., Xu M.C., Chen X., Dai J., 2007. Leaf N and P Stoichiometry of common species in successional stages of the evergreen broad-leaved forest in Tiantong National Forest Park, Zhejiang Province, China. Acta Ecol. Sin. 27(3), 947-952 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Gusewell S., Koerselman W., Verhoeven J.T.A., 2003. Biomass N:P ratios as indicators of nutrient limitation for plant populations in Wetlands. Ecol. Appl. 13, 372-384
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Guo Z., Lin H., Chen S., Yang Q., 2018. Altitudinal patterns of leaf traits and leaf allometry in bamboo Pleioblastus amarus. Front. Plant Sci. 9, 1110
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Han W.X., Fang J.Y., Guo D.L., Zhang Y., 2005. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 753 terrestrial plant species in China. New Phytol. 168(2), 377-385
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Han W.X., Wu Y., Tang L.Y., Chen Y.H., Li L.P., He J.S., Fang J.Y., 2009. Leaf carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus stoichiometry across plant species in Beijing and its periphery. Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Pek. 45(5), 855-860 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Hedin L.O., 2004. Global organization of terrestrial plant-nutrient interactions. PNAS 101, 10849-10850
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Hu Y.K., Liu X.Y., He N.P., Pan X., Long S.Y., Li W., Zhang M.Y., Cui L.J., 2021. Global patterns in leaf stoichiometry across coastal wetlands. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 30(4), 852-869
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Lai L., Huang X., Yang H., Chuai X., Zhang M., Zhong T., Chen Z., Chen Y., Wang X., Thompson J.R., 2016. Carbon emissions from land-use change and management in China between 1990 and 2010. Sci. Adv. 2(11), e1601063
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Li H., Xu Y.D., Wang T., Yang G.H., 2018a. Variation of carbon, nitrogen and phosphrus stoichiometry in plant and soil following stand age of Robinia pseudoacacia plantation. Acta Agric. Boreali-occid. Sin. 27(11):1651-1659 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 
LiQ.MaM.WuX.YangH.Snow cover and vegetation-induced decrease in global albedo from 2002 to 2016J. Geophys. Res. Atmos.201812312413810.1002/2017jd027010

Li Q., Ma M., Wu X., Yang H., 2018b. Snow cover and vegetation-induced decrease in global albedo from 2002 to 2016. J. Geophys. Res. Atmos. 123, 124-138
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Li T., Deng Q., Yuan Z.Y., Jiao F., 2015. Latitudinal changes in plant stoichiometric and soil C, N, P stoichiometry in Loess Plateau. Environ. Sci. 36(8), 2988-2996 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Liu J.G., Gou X.H., Zhang F., Bian R., Yin D.C., 2021. Spatial patterns in the C:N:P stoichiometry in Qinghai spruce and the soil across the Qilian Mountains, China. Catena 196, 104814
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Liu J.X., Fang X., Tang X.L., Wang W.T., Zhou G.Y., Xu S., Huang W.J., Wang G.X., Yan J.H., Ma K.P., Du S., Li S.G., Han S.J., Ma Y.X., 2019. Patterns and controlling factors of plant nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across China's forests. Biogeochemistry 143, 191-205
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Liu K.H., Liang X.L., Li C.M., Yu F.M., Li Y., 2020a. Nutrient status and pollution levels in five areas around a manganese mine in southern China. Front. Environ. Sci. Eng. 14(6), 97-107
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Liu X., Wang Y.Z., Liu Y.H., Chen H., Hu Y.L., 2020b. Response of bacterial and fungal soil communities to Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolate) long-term monoculture plantations. Front. Microbiol. 11, 181
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Liu Z., Zhu Y., Li F., Jin G., 2017. Non-destructively predicting leaf area, leaf mass and specific leaf area based on a linear mixed-effect model for broadleaf species. Ecol. Indic. 78, 340-350
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Ma R.T., An S.S., Huang Y.M., 2017. C, N and P stoichiometry characteristics of different- aged Robinia pseudoacacia plantation on the Loess Plateau, China. Chin. J. Appl. Ecol. 28(9), 2787-2793 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 
MooreC.E.Meacham-HensoldK.LemonnierP.SlatteryR.A.BenjaminC.BernacchiC.J.LawsonT.CavanaghA.P.The effect of increasing temperature on crop photosynthesis: from enzymes to ecosystemsJ. Exp. Bot.20217282822284410.1093/jxb/erab090

Moore C.E., Meacham-Hensold K., Lemonnier P., Slattery R.A., Benjamin C., Bernacchi C.J., Lawson T., Cavanagh A.P., 2021. The effect of increasing temperature on crop photosynthesis: from enzymes to ecosystems. J. Exp. Bot. 72(8), 2822-2844
Crossref Google Scholar
 
QinJ.ShangguanZ.XiW.Seasonal variations of leaf traits and drought adaptation strategies of four common woody species in South Texas, USAJ. For. Res.201830517151725

Qin J., Shangguan Z., Xi W., 2018. Seasonal variations of leaf traits and drought adaptation strategies of four common woody species in South Texas, USA. J. For. Res. 30(5), 1715-1725
Google Scholar
 
R Core Team, 2019. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vinnna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/ (accessed 20 Oct 2021)
 

Read Q.D., Moorhead L.C., Swenson N.G., Bailey J.K., Sanders N.J., 2014. Convergent effects of elevation on functional leaf traits within and among species. Funct. Ecol., 28(1), 37-45
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Reich P.B., Oleksyn J., 2004. Global patterns of plant leaf N and P in relation to temperature and latitude. PNAS 101(30), 11001-11006
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Ren S.J., Yu G.R., Tao B., Wang S.Q., 2007. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry across 654 terrestrial plant species in NSTEC. Environ. Sci. 28(12), 2665-2673 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Sardans J., Rivas-Ubach A., Penuelas J., 2011. Factors affecting nutrient concentration and stoichiometry of forest trees in Catalonia (NE Spain). Forest Ecol. Manag. 262, 2024-2034
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Song Z., Li R., Qiu R., Liu S., Tan C., Li Q., Ge W., Han X., Tang X., Shi W., Song L., Yu W., Yang H., Ma M., 2018. Global land surface temperature influenced by vegetation cover and PM2.5 from 2001 to 2016. Remote Sens. 10(12), 2034
Crossref Google Scholar
 
TangL.Y.HanW.X.ChenY.H.FangJ.Y.Resorption proficiency and efficiency of leaf nutrients in woody plants in eastern ChinaJ. Plant Ecol.20136540841710.1093/jpe/rtt013

Tang L.Y., Han W.X., Chen Y.H., Fang J.Y., 2013. Resorption proficiency and efficiency of leaf nutrients in woody plants in eastern China. J. Plant Ecol. 6(5), 408-417
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Tegischer K., Tausz M., Wieser G., Grill D., 2002. Tree- and needle-age-dependent variations in antioxidants and photoprotective pigments in Norway spruce needles at the alpine timberline. Tree Physiol. 22(8), 591-596
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Tian D., Yan Z.B., Ma S.H., Ding Y.H., Luo Y.K., Chen Y.H., Du E.Z., Han W.X., Kovacs E.D., Shen H.H., Hu H.F., Kattge J., Schmid B., Fang J.Y., 2019. Family-level leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of global terrestrial plants. Sci. China Life Sci. 62(8), 1047-1057
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Townsend A.R., Cleveland C.C., Asner G.P., Bustamante M.M.C., 2007. Controls over foliar N:P ratios in tropical rain forests. Ecology 88, 107-118
Crossref Google Scholar
 
WangM.LiuG.H.JinT.T.LiZ.S.GongL.WangH.YeX.Age-related changes of leaf traits and stoichiometry in an alpine shrub (Rhododendron agglutinatum) along altitudinal gradientJ. Mt. Sci.2016141106118

Wang M., Liu G.H., Jin T.T., Li Z.S., Gong L., Wang H., Ye X., 2016a. Age-related changes of leaf traits and stoichiometry in an alpine shrub (Rhododendron agglutinatum) along altitudinal gradient. J. MT Sci. 14(1), 106-118
Google Scholar
 
WangN.FuF.Z.WangB.T.WangR.J.Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Pinus tabulaeformis forest ecosystems in warm temperate Shanxi Province, north ChinaJ. For. Res.20182961665167310.1007/s11676-017-0571-8

Wang N., Fu F.Z., Wang B.T., Wang R.J., 2018. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in Pinus tabulaeformis forest ecosystems in warm temperate Shanxi Province, north China. J. For. Res. 29(6), 1665-1673
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Wang Q.S.Y., Zheng C.Y., Zhang X.Y., Zeng F.X., Xing J., 2016b. Impacts of nitrogen addition on foliar nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Mount Wuyi. Chin. J. Plant Ecol. 40(11), 1124-1135 (in Chinese)
Crossref Google Scholar
 
WuT.G.ChenB.F.XiaoY.H.PanY.J.ChenY.XiaoJ.H.Leaf stoichiometry of trees in three forest types in Pearl River Delta, South China. ChinJ. Plant Ecol.20103415863

Wu T.G., Chen B.F., Xiao Y.H., Pan Y.J., Chen Y., Xiao J.H., 2010. Leaf stoichiometry of trees in three forest types in Pearl River Delta, South China. Chin. J. Plant Ecol. 34(1), 58-63 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Wu T.G., Dong Y., Yu M.K., Wang J.F., Zeng D.H., 2012. Leaf nitrogen and phosphorus stoichiometry of Quercus species across China. Forest Ecol. Manag. 284, 116-123
Crossref Google Scholar
 
XiaoD.WangX.J.ZhangK.HeN.P.HouJ.H.Effects of nitrogen addition on leaf traits of common species in natural Pinus tabuliformis forests in Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi Province, China. ChinJ. Plant Ecol.2016407686701

Xiao D., Wang X.J., Zhang K., He N.P., Hou J.H., 2016. Effects of nitrogen addition on leaf traits of common species in natural Pinus tabuliformis forests in Taiyue Mountain, Shanxi Province, China. Chin. J. Plant Ecol. 40(7), 686-701 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Yan E.R., Wang X.H., Huang J.J., Li G.Y., Zhou W., 2008. Decline of soil nitrogen mineralization and nitrification during forest conversion of evergreen broad-leaved forest to plantations in the subtropical area of Eastern China. Biogeochemistry 89, 239-251
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Yang Y., Luo Y., 2011. Carbon: nitrogen stoichiometry in forest ecosystems during stand development. Global Ecol. Biogeogr. 20, 354-361
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Yu H., Zhong Q.L., Cheng D.L., Zhang Z.R., Xu C.B., Zheng W.T., Pei P., 2018a. Leaf C, N, P stoichiometry of Machilus pauhoi understory seedlings of different provenances. Sci. Silv. Sin. 54(12), 22-32 (in Chinese)
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Yu Z.P., Wang M.H., Huang Z.Q., Lin T.C., Vadeboncoeur M.A., Searle E.B., Chen H.Y.H., 2018b. Temporal changes in soil C-N-P stoichiometry over the past 60 years across subtropical China. Glob. Chang. Biol. 24, 1308-1320
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zang J.G., Liu H., Zhang X.P., Ding Y., Jiang X.H., Guo Z.J., Zhang W.Y., 2009. Photosynthetic characteristics of Picea schrenkiana var. tianschanica of different age classes in a natural stand in the central part of Tianshan mountains. Sci. Silv. Sin. 45(5), 60-68 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Zhang H., Wang J.N., Wang J.Y., Guo Z.W., Wang G.G., Zeng D.H., Wu T.G., 2018a. Tree stoichiometry and nutrient resorption along a chronosequence of Metasequoia glyptostroboides forests in coastal China. Forest Ecol. Manag. 430, 445-450
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang J.Y., Ai Z.M., Liang C.T., Wang G.L., Liu G.B., Xue S., 2019a. How microbes cope with short-term N addition in a Pinus tabuliformis forest-ecological stoichiometry. Geoderma 337, 630-640
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang M., Huang X.J., Chuai X.W., Yang H., Lai L., Tan J.Z., 2015. Impact of land use type conversion on carbon storage in terrestrial ecosystems of China: a spatial-temporal perspective. Sci. Rep. 5, 10233
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang Q.F., Xiong D.C., Xie J.S., Li X.J., You Z.T., Lyu M.K., Chen Y.M., Yang Y.S., 2018b. Ecophysiological process regulates the growth of Cunninghamia lanceolata to suit short-term warming and nitrogen addition in the sub-tropical regions. Trees 32, 631-643
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang S.B., Zhang J.L., Slik J.W.F., Cao K.F., 2012. Leaf element concentrations of terrestrial plants across China are influenced by taxonomy and the environment. Glob. Ecol. Biogeogr. 21, 809-818
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang X.Q., Cao Q.V., Wang H.C., Duan A.G., Zhang J.G., 2020. Projecting stand survival and basal area based on a self-thinning model for Chinese fir plantations. Forest Sci. 66(3), 361-370
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang Z.K., Wu Y.H., Huang L.Q., Liu X.Z., 2019b. C, N and P stoichiometry of soil and plant in different forest successional stages in island. Acta Bot. Boreal-Occid. Sin. 39(5), 925-934 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Zheng D.N., Wang X.S., Xie S.D., Duan L., Chen D.S., 2014. Simulation of atmospheric nitrogen deposition in China in 2010. China Environ. Sci. 34(5), 1089-1097 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Zheng S.X., Shangguan Z.P., 2007. Spatial patterns of leaf nutrient traits of the plants in the Loess Plateau of China. Trees 21, 357-370
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhu D.H., Hui D.F., Wang M.Q., Yang Q., Yu S.X., 2020. Light and competition alter leaf stoichiometry of introduced species and native mangrove species. Sci. Total Environ. 738, 140301
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhu L., Gu G.J., Xu Z.F., You C.M., Mou L., Ding S., Zeng X., Wu F.Z., 2019. Ecological stoichiometric ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus for tree, shrub and herb species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest. Chin. J. Appl. Environ. Biol. 25(6), 1277-1285 (in Chinese)
Google Scholar
 

Zhu L.L., Li H.C., Thorpe M.R., Hocart C.H., Song X., 2021. Stomatal and mesophyll conductance are dominant limitations to photosynthesis in response to heat stress during severe drought in a temperate and a tropical tree species. Trees 35, 1613-1626
Crossref Google Scholar
Forest Ecosystems
Volume 9 Issue 1,
February 2022
Article number: 100005
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100005
Cite this article:
Chang Y, Zhong Q, Yang H, et al. Patterns and driving factors of leaf C, N, and P stoichiometry in two forest types with different stand ages in a mid-subtropical zone. Forest Ecosystems, 2022, 9(1): 100005. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2022.100005

786

Views

24

Downloads

17

Crossref

16

Web of Science

17

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Published: 25 February 2022
© 2022 Beijing Forestry University.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Return