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Research Article | Open Access

Habitat heterogeneity and biotic interactions mediate climate influences on seedling survival in a temperate forest

Haikun Liua,b, Hang Shia, Quan Zhoua, Man Hua, Xiao Shua, Kerong Zhanga, Quanfa Zhanga, Haishan Danga( )
Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430074, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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Abstract

Seedling stage has long been recognized as the bottleneck of forest regeneration, and the biotic and abiotic processes that dominate at seedling stage largely affect the dynamics of forest. Seedlings might be particularly vulnerable to climate stress, so elucidating the role of interannual climate variation in fostering community dynamics is crucial to understanding the response of forest to climate change. Using seedling survival data of 69 woody species collected for five consecutive years from a 25-ha permanent plot in a temperate deciduous forest, we identified the effects of biotic interactions and habitat factors on seedling survival, and examined how those effects changed over time. We found that interannual climate variations, followed by biotic interactions and habitat conditions, were the most significant predictors of seedling survival. Understory light showed a positive impact on seedling mortality, and seedling survival responded differently to soil and air temperature. Effects of conspecific neighbor density were significantly strengthened with the increase of maximum air temperature and vapor pressure deficits in the growing season, but were weakened by increased maximum soil temperature and precipitation in the non-growing season. Surprisingly, seedling survival was strongly correlated with interannual climate variability at all life stages, and the strength of the correlation increased with seedling age. In addition, the importance of biotic and abiotic factors on seedling survival differed significantly among species-trait groups. Thus, the neighborhood-mediated effects on mortality might be significantly contributing or even inverting the direct effects of varying abiotic conditions on seedling survival, and density-dependent effects could not be the only important factor influencing seedling survival at an early stage.

Keywords

Species coexistenceSeedling survivalExtreme interannual climateNegative density-dependence

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 10 Issue 5,
October 2023
Article number: 100138
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100138
Cite this article:
Liu H, Shi H, Zhou Q, et al. Habitat heterogeneity and biotic interactions mediate climate influences on seedling survival in a temperate forest. Forest Ecosystems, 2023, 10(5): 100138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2023.100138

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Received: 13 July 2023
Revised: 10 September 2023
Accepted: 10 September 2023
Published: 17 September 2023
© 2023 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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