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Research Article | Open Access

Competitive effect, but not competitive response, varies along a climatic gradient depending on tree species identity

Teresa Valora,b( ), Lluís Colla,b, David I. Forresterc,d, Hans Pretzsche, Miren del Ríof,g, Kamil Bielakh, Bogdan Brzezieckih, Franz Binderi, Torben Hilmerse, Zuzana Sitkováj, Roberto Tognettik, Aitor Amezteguia,b
Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering (DCEFA), University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, E25198 Lleida, Spain
Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO – CERCA, Ctra. Sant Llorenç Km. 2, 25280, Solsona, Spain
Swiss Federal Institute of Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Zürcherstrasse 111, 8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
CSIRO Land and Water, GPO Box 1700, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
Chair of Forest Growth and Yield Science, School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Hans-Carl-Von-Carlowitz-Platz 2, 85354, Freising, Germany
Forest Research Center, INIA-CSIC, Ctra. A Coruña Km 7.5, 28040, Madrid, Spain
IuFOR, Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, University of Valladolid & INIA, Spain
Department of Silviculture, Institute of Forest Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159/34, 02776, Warsaw, Poland
Bavarian State Institute of Forestry (LWF), Hans-Carl-von-Carlowitz-Platz 1, D-85354, Freising, Germany
National Forest Centre, Forest Research Institute, T.G. Masaryka 22, 960 01, Zvolen, Slovakia
Faculty of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano Piazza Università, 1 I-39100, Bolzano
Show Author Information

Abstract

Background

Understanding the role of species identity in interactions among individuals is crucial for assessing the productivity and stability of mixed forests over time. However, there is limited knowledge concerning the variation in competitive effect and response of different species along climatic gradients. In this study, we investigated the importance of climate, tree size, and competition on the growth of three tree species: spruce (Picea abies), fir (Abies alba), and beech (Fagus sylvatica), and examined their competitive response and effect along a climatic gradient.

Methods

We selected 39 plots distributed across the European mountains with records of the position and growth of 5,759 individuals. For each target species, models relating tree growth to tree size, climate and competition were proposed. Competition was modelled using a neighbourhood competition index that considered the effects of inter- and intraspecific competition on target trees. Competitive responses and effects were related to climate. Likelihood methods and information theory were used to select the best model.

Results

Our findings revealed that competition had a greater impact on target species growth than tree size or climate. Climate did influence the competitive effects of neighbouring species, but it did not affect the target species' response to competition. The strength of competitive effects varied along the gradient, contingent on the identity of the interacting species. When the target species exhibited an intermediate competitive effect relative to neighbouring species, both higher inter- than intraspecific competitive effects and competition reduction occurred along the gradient. Notably, species competitive effects were most pronounced when the target species' growth was at its peak and weakest when growing conditions were far from their maximum.

Conclusions

Climate modulates the effects of competition from neighbouring trees on the target tree and not the susceptibility of the target tree to competition. The modelling approach should be useful in future research to expand our knowledge of how competition modulates forest communities across environmental gradients.

Keywords

Interspecific competitionCompetition coefficientCompetition reductionIntraspecific competitionMixing effectsMixed species forestNeighbourhood modelsPlant-plant interactions

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 11 Issue 2,
April 2024
Article number: 100176
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100176
Cite this article:
Valor T, Coll L, Forrester DI, et al. Competitive effect, but not competitive response, varies along a climatic gradient depending on tree species identity. Forest Ecosystems, 2024, 11(2): 100176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100176

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Received: 15 November 2023
Revised: 08 February 2024
Accepted: 09 February 2024
Published: 15 February 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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