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Research Article | Open Access

Evaluating soil acidification risk and its effects on biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in the drylands of China

Lan Dua,b,c, Shengchuan Tiana,b,c, Nan Zhaoa,b,c, Bin Zhanga,b,c, Xiaohan Mua,b,c, Lisong Tanga,c, Xinjun Zhenga,c( ), Yan Lia,c,d
State Key Laboratory of Desert and Oasis Ecology, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, Xinjiang, China
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
Fukang Station of Desert Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fukang, 831505, Xinjiang, China
State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A and F University, Hangzhou, 311300, Zhejiang, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Background

Soil acidification caused by anthropogenic activities may affect soil biochemical cycling, biodiversity, productivity, and multiple ecosystem-related functions in drylands. However, to date, such information is lacking to support this hypothesis.

Methods

Based on a transect survey of 78 naturally assembled shrub communities, we calculated acid deposition flux in Northwest China and evaluated its likely ecological effects by testing three alternative hypotheses, namely: niche complementarity, mass ratio, and vegetation quantity hypotheses. Rao's quadratic entropy and community-weighted mean traits were employed to represent the complementary aspect of niche complementarity and mass ratio effects, respectively.

Results

We observed that in the past four decades, the concentrations of exchangeable base cations in soil in Northwest China have decreased significantly to the extent of having faced the risk of depletion, whereas changes in the calcium carbonate content and pH of soil were not significant. Acid deposition primarily increased the aboveground biomass and shrub density in shrublands but had no significant effect on shrub richness and ecosystem multifunctionality (EMF), indicating that acid deposition had positive but weak ecological effects on dryland ecosystems. Community weighted mean of functional traits (representing the mass ratio hypothesis) correlated negatively with EMF, whereas both Rao's quadratic entropy (representing the niche complementarity hypothesis) and aboveground biomass (representing the vegetation quantity hypothesis) correlated positively but insignificantly with EMF. These biodiversity–EMF relationships highlight the fragility and instability of drylands relative to forest ecosystems.

Conclusions

The findings from this study serve as important reference points to understand the risk of soil acidification in arid regions and its impacts on biodiversity–EMF relationships.

Keywords

BiodiversityEcosystem multifunctionalitySoil acidification riskNiche complementarity hypothesisMass ratio hypothesisVegetation quantity hypothesis

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Forest Ecosystems
Volume 11 Issue 2,
April 2024
Article number: 100178
DOI: 10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100178
Cite this article:
Du L, Tian S, Zhao N, et al. Evaluating soil acidification risk and its effects on biodiversity–ecosystem multifunctionality relationships in the drylands of China. Forest Ecosystems, 2024, 11(2): 100178. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fecs.2024.100178

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Received: 13 November 2023
Revised: 14 February 2024
Accepted: 14 February 2024
Published: 22 February 2024
© 2024 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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