AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
PDF (1.7 MB)
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Research Article | Open Access

Chemical composition, sensory properties and application of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum genus)

Yue JieShiming LiChi-Tang Ho( )
Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
Show Author Information

Abstract

This review summarized the composition of volatile and nonvolatile compounds, the sensory mechanism and the application of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum genus) as a spice and multifunctional food, such as antibacterial, inhibition of inflammation, and antioxidant among others. The aim is to provide a better understanding and potential future in-depth research and application of Sichuan pepper.

References

[1]

V. Bhatt, S. Sharma, N. Kumar, U. Sharma, B. Singh, Simultaneous quantification and identification of flavonoids, lignans, coumarin and amides in leaves of Zanthoxylum armatum using UPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 132 (2017) 46-55.

[2]

G. Epple, B.P. Bryant, I. Mezine, S. Lewis, Zanthoxylum piperitum, an Asian spice, inhibits food intake in rats, J. Chem. Ecol. 27 (2001) 1627-1640.

[3]

L. Xiang, Y. Liu, C. Xie, X. Li, Y. Yu, M. Ye, S. Chen, The chemical and genetic characteristics of Szechuan pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Z. armatum) cultivars and their suitable habitat, Front. Plant Sci. 7 (2016) 467.

[4]
P. Ravindran, G. Pillai, K. Nirmal Babu, M. Divakaran, S. Malhotra, Minor and under-utilized spices and herbs, in: S. Ochatt, S.M. Jain (Eds.), Breeding of Neglected and Under-Utilized Crops, Spices, and Herbs, Science Publishers, 2007, p. 76.
[5]

L. Jiang, K. Kubota, Formation by mechanical stimulus of the flavor compounds in young leaves of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC), J. Agric. Food Chem. 49 (2001) 1353-1357.

[6]

Z.L. Cardeal, M.D. Gomes da Silva, P.J. Marriott, Comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography/mass spectrometric analysis of pepper volatiles, Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 20 (2006) 2823-2836.

[7]

X. Yang, Aroma constituents and alkylamides of red and green Huajiao (Zanthoxylum bungeanum and Zanthoxylum schinifolium), J. Agric. Food Chem. 56 (2008) 1689-1696.

[8]

O.K. Yoon, D. -S. Lee, Mulberry paper bag μ-solid phase extraction for the analysis of five spice flavors by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 30 (2009) 35-42.

[9]

R.X. Zhu, K. Zhong, W.C. Zeng, X.Y. He, X.Q. Gu, Z.F. Zhao, H. Gao, Essential oil composition and antibacterial activity of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Afr. J. Microbiol. Res. 5 (2011) 4631-4637.

[10]

W.R. Diao, Q.P. Hu, S.S. Feng, W.Q. Li, J.G. Xu, Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of the essential oil from green huajiao (Zanthoxylum schinifolium) against selected foodborne pathogens, J. Agric. Food Chem. 61 (2013) 6044-6049.

[11]

M. Oh, M.S. Chung, Effects of oils and essential oils from seeds of Zanthoxylum schinifolium against foodborne viral surrogates, Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2014 (2014) 135797.

[12]

G. Wu, H. Wu, Analgesia synergism of essential oil from pericarp of Zanthoxylum schinifolium and Verapamil, Evid. Based Complement. Altern. Med. 2014 (2014) 505876.

[13]
P.N. Ravindran, M. Divakaran, G.S. Pillai, Other herbs and spices: achiote to Szechuan pepper, in: Handbook of Herbs and Spices, 2012, pp. 534-556.
[14]
H. McGee, On Food and Cooking, Scribner, 2004.
[15]

K.C. Albin, C.T. Simons, Psychophysical evaluation of a sanshool derivative (alkylamide) and the elucidation of mechanisms subserving tingle, PLoS One 5 (3) (2010) e9520.

[16]

E. Hisatomi, M. Matsui, A. Kobayashi, K. Kubota, Antioxidative activity in the pericarp and seed of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC), J. Agric. Food Chem. 48 (2000) 4924-4928.

[17]

C. Artaria, G. Maramaldi, A. Bonfigli, L. Rigano, G. Appendino, Lifting properties of the alkamide fraction from the fruit husks of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Int. J. Cosmet. Sci. 33 (2011) 328-333.

[18]

Y. Lan, H. Li, Y.Y. Chen, Y.W. Zhang, N. Liu, Q. Zhang, Q. Wu, Essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. and its main components used as transdermal penetration enhancers: a comparative study, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 15 (2014) 940-952.

[19]

Y. Lan, Q. Wu, Y.Q. Mao, Q. Wang, J. An, Y.Y. Chen, W.P. Wang, B.C. Zhao, N. Liu, Y.W. Zhang, Cytotoxicity and enhancement activity of essential oil from Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. as a natural transdermal penetration enhancer, J. Zhejiang Univ. Sci. B 15 (2014) 153-164.

[20]

X. Tang, X. Zhou, J. Wu, J. Li, Bai, A novel function of sanshools: the alleviation of injury from metolachlor in rice seedlings, Pestic. Biochem. Physiol. 110 (2014) 44-49.

[21]

J. Li, F. Wang, S. Li, Z. Peng, Effects of pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim.) leaf extract on the antioxidant enzyme activities of salted silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) during processing, J. Funct. Foods 18 (2015) 1179-1190.

[22]

P. Li, L. Zhou, Y. Mou, Z. Mao, Extraction optimization of polysaccharide from Zanthoxylum bungeanum using RSM and its antioxidant activity, Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 72 (2015) 19-27.

[23]

M. Zeng, J. Wang, M. Zhang, J. Chen, Z. He, F. Qin, Z. Xu, D. Cao, J. Chen, Inhibitory effects of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum bungeanum) and sanshoamide extract on heterocyclic amine formation in grilled ground beef patties, Food Chem. 239 (2018) 111-118.

[24]

O.K. Yoon, D. -S. Lee, Mulberry paper bag μ-solid phase extraction for the analysis of five spice flavors by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 30 (1) (2009) 35-42.

[25]

S. Wei, H. Zhang, Y. Wang, L. Wang, X. Li, Y. Wang, H. Zhang, X. Xu, Y. Shi, Ultrasonic nebulization extraction-heating gas flow transfer-headspace single drop microextraction of essential oil from pericarp of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim, J. Chromatogr. A 1218 (29) (2011) 4599-4605.

[26]

Q. Ye, Rapid analysis of the essential oil components of dried Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim by Fe2O3-magnetic-microsphere-assisted microwave distillation and simultaneous headspace single-drop microextraction followed by GC–MS, J. Sep. Sci. 36 (12) (2013) 2028-2034.

[27]

L. Jiang, K. Kubota, Differences in the volatile components and their odor characteristics of green and ripe fruits and dried pericarp of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.), J. Agric. Food Chem. 52 (2004) 4197-4203.

[28]

L. Jiang, K. Kubota, Formation by mechanical stimulus of the flavor compounds in young leaves of Japanese pepper (Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.), J. Agric. Food Chem. 49 (2001) 1353-1357.

[29]

H.J. Behrendt, T. Germann, C. Gillen, H. Hatt, R. Jostock, Characterization of the mouse cold-menthol receptor TRPM8 and vanilloid receptor type-1 VR1 using a fluorometric imaging plate reader (FLIPR) assay, Br. J. Pharmacol. 141 (2004) 737-745.

[30]

Z.F. Zhao, R.X. Zhu, K. Zhong, Q. He, A.M. Luo, H. Gao, Characterization and comparison of the pungent components in commercial Zanthoxylum bungeanum oil and Zanthoxylum schinifolium oil, J. Food Sci. 78 (10) (2013) C1516-C1522.

[31]

K. Mizutani, Y. Fukunaga, O. Tanaka, N. Takasugi, Y. -I. Saruwatari, T. Fuwa, T. Yamauchi, J. Wang, M. -R. Jia, F. -Y. Li, Y. -K. Ling, Amides from Huajiao, pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum MAXIM, Chem. Pharm. Bull. 36 (1988) 2362-2365.

[32]

K.H. Jang, Y.H. Chang, D. -D. Kim, K. -B. Oh, U. Oh, J. Shin, New polyunsaturated fatty acid amides isolated from the seeds of Zanthoxylum piperitum, Arch. Pharm. Res. 31 (2008) 569-572.

[33]

S. Huang, L. Zhao, X.L. Zhou, M. Ying, C.J. Wang, J. Weng, New alkylamides from pericarps of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, Chin. Chem. Lett. 23 (2012) 1247-1250.

[34]

M. Bader, T.D. Stark, C. Dawid, S. Lösch, T. Hofman, All-trans-configuration in Zanthoxylum alkylamides swaps the tingling with a numbing sensation and diminishes salivation, J. Agric. Food Chem. 62 (2014) 2479-2488.

[35]

V. Kumar, S. Kumar, B. Singh, N. Kumar, Quantitative and structural analysis of amides and lignans in Zanthoxylum armatum by UPLC-DAD-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal. 94 (2014) 23-29.

[36]

K. Zhong, X. -J. Li, A. -N. Gou, Y. -N. Huang, Q. Bu, H. Gao, Antioxidant and cytoprotective activities of flavonoid glycosides-rich extract from the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum, J. Food Nutr. Res. 2 (7) (2014) 349-356.

[37]

L.C. Yang, R. Li, J. Tan, Z.T. Jiang, Polyphenolics composition of the leaves of Zanthoxylum bungeanum Maxim. grown in Hebei, China, and their radical scavenging activities, J. Agric. Food Chem. 61 (2013) 1772-1778.

[38]

E. Sugai, Y. Morimitsu, Y. Iwasaki, A. Morita, T. Watanabe, K. Kubota, Pungent qualities of sanshool-related compounds evaluated by a sensory test and activation of rat TRPV1, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69 (10) (2005) 1951-1957.

[39]

E. Sugai, Y. Morimitsu, K. Kubota, Quantitative analysis of sanshool compounds in Japanese pepper(Xanthoxylum piperitum DC.) and their pungent characteristics, Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69 (10) (2005) 1958-1962.

[40]
C.C. Galopin, S.M. Furrer, A. Goeke, Pungent and tingling compounds in Asian cuisine, in: C. -T. Ho, T. Hofmann, W. Pickenhagen (Eds.), Challenges in Taste Chemistry and Biology, vol. 867, Amer. Chem. Soc. Symp. Ser., 2004, pp. 139-152.
[41]

J.Y. Koo, Y. Jang, H. Cho, C. -H. Lee, K.H. Jang, Y.H. Chang, J. Shin, U. Oh, Hydroxy-alpha-sanshool activates TRPV1 and TRPA1 in sensory neurons, Eur. J. Neurosci. 26 (2007) 1139-1147.

[42]

D.M. Bautista, Y.M. Sigal, A.D. Milstein, J.L. Garrison, J.A. Zorn, P.R. Tsuruda, R.A. Nicoll, D. Julius, Pungent agents from Szechuan peppers excite sensory neurons by inhibiting two-pore potassium channels, Nat. Neurosci. 11 (2008) 772-779.

[43]

C. Menozzi-Smarrito, C.E. Riera, C. Munari, J. Le Coutre, F. Robert, Synthesis and evaluation of new alkylamides derived from alpha-hydroxysanshool, the pungent molecule in szechuan pepper, J. Agric. Food Chem. 57 (2009) 1982-1989.

[44]
A.K. Moza, S.E. Rohde, J.C. Leffingwell, D. Leffingwell. Use of a liquid cooling sensate to provide a pungent, warming or tingling sensate composition. United States US 2008/0038386 A1 (2008).
[45]
T. Shimizu, Y. Shigeta, S. Kunieda. Food products containing a fruit component. United States US 2007/0092623 A1 (2007).
[46]

H.J. Choi, Evaluation of antiviral activity of Zanthoxylum species against picornaviruses, Osong Publ. Health Res. Perspect. 7 (6) (2016) 400-403.

Food Science and Human Wellness
Pages 115-125
Cite this article:
Jie Y, Li S, Ho C-T. Chemical composition, sensory properties and application of Sichuan pepper (Zanthoxylum genus). Food Science and Human Wellness, 2019, 8(2): 115-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2019.03.008

678

Views

68

Downloads

76

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

82

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics

Received: 13 February 2018
Accepted: 13 March 2019
Published: 30 March 2019
© 2019 “Society information”.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

Return