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Review Article | Open Access

Recent advances in the managements of type 2 diabetes mellitus and natural hypoglycemic substances

Chong Ninga, Yuhan Jiaoa, Jiaqi Wanga, Weiwei Lia, Jingqiu Zhoua, Yi-Chieh Leeb, Dik-Lung Mac, Chung-Hang Leungd, Rugang Zhua( ), Hui-Min David Wange,f,g( )
College of Light Industry, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, China
Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, China
Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong 999077, Hong Kong, China
State Key Laboratoryof Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao 999078, China
Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, China
Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan, China
Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan, China

Peer review under responsibility of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Diabetes has become a global concern at present, among which type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) accounts for approximately 90%–95% of patients. T2DM is a type of metabolic disorder syndrome that results from a genetic defect, and it is based on insulin resistance and an insulin secretion disorder. The occurrence of T2DM is usually the outcome of both genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. The etiology and pathogenesis of diabetes have not been fully elucidated, and no radical therapeutic cure has been found. Patients with T2DM suffer from complications such as the development of a chronic hyperglycemic condition and even serious metabolic disorders and organ damage in the body and depression and dementia, in addition to other chronic complications. Many studies have suggested that diet is crucial in the development of diabetes and the control of blood glucose. Natural substances have the characteristics of low toxicity and few side effects and may be key to the development of diabetic health products and preventive treatments. This paper reviews the etiology, pathogenesis, risks, treatments and diets related to T2DM to summarize the types of recently available natural products, from both local and foreign sources, for lowering blood glucose at home and their application in supplementary hypoglycemic foods. The key findings and conclusions suggest that there are various known T2DM-inducing factors, including genetic and environmental factors and three types of hybrid factors.

Keywords

ObesityInsulin resistanceDietType 2 diabetes mellitusEtiological agentNatural substances

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 11 Issue 5,
September 2022
Pages 1121-1133
DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.004
Cite this article:
Ning C, Jiao Y, Wang J, et al. Recent advances in the managements of type 2 diabetes mellitus and natural hypoglycemic substances. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2022, 11(5): 1121-1133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2022.04.004

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Received: 27 January 2021
Revised: 07 March 2021
Accepted: 18 April 2021
Published: 02 June 2022
© 2022 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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