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Research Article | Open Access

Targeted microbiome metabolomics reveals flaxseed oil supplementation regulated the gut microbiota and farnesoid X receptor pathway in high-fat diet mice

Chen Yanga( ), Zhenxia Xua, Qingde Huanga, Xu Wangb, Fenghong Huanga,c( ), Qianchun Denga
Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oilseeds Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Wuhan 430062, China
College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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Abstract

Flaxseed oil (FSO) rich in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can protect against obesity and insulin resistance, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. An integrative multiomics of the microbiome and targeted metabolomics approach was performed to investigate the possible pathway for flaxseed oil supplementation on reducing serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and epididymal adipose in high-fat diet mice. FSO ameliorated the gut microbial dysbiosis by increasing the community diversity and the abundance of Clostridiales and Ruminococcaceae. These effects were associated with the regulation of bile acid (BAs) in the feces. FSO reduced the concentrations of conjugated BAs, such as cholic acid, tauro-α-murocholic acid, and tauro-ursodesoxycholic acid in feces, which in turn inhibit the intestinal farnesoid X receptor (FXR)-fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 15 signaling pathway. Further analysis revealed that FSO activated FXR in the liver and regulated downstream gene expression (SHP, SREBP-1c, and CPT-1a), which promoted lipolysis and inhibited lipogenesis. The results of this study suggest that FSO modulates serum lipid concentrations by regulating the gut microbiota, FXR-FGF15 signaling and BA metabolism.

Keywords

Gut microbiotaHigh-fat dietFlaxseed oilBile acids metabolomicsFXR signaling

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Food Science and Human Wellness
Volume 12 Issue 6,
November 2023
Pages 2324-2335
DOI: 10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.036
Cite this article:
Yang C, Xu Z, Huang Q, et al. Targeted microbiome metabolomics reveals flaxseed oil supplementation regulated the gut microbiota and farnesoid X receptor pathway in high-fat diet mice. Food Science and Human Wellness, 2023, 12(6): 2324-2335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fshw.2023.03.036

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Received: 22 September 2021
Revised: 04 February 2022
Accepted: 12 March 2022
Published: 04 April 2023
© 2023 Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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