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Short Communication | Open Access

A simple and sensitive method to detect vitamin D receptor expression in various disease models using stool samples

Yong-guo Zhanga,, Yinglin Xiaa, Jun Suna,b,c( )
Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
UIC Cancer Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

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Abstract

Vitamin D receptor (VDR) executes the main biological functions of its ligand vitamin D. VDR/vitamin D plays critical roles in regulating host immunity, maintaining barrier functions, and shaping gut microbiome. Reduction of intestinal VDR has been reported in various diseases, including inflammatory diseases and colon cancer. However, it is always challenging to get biopsies to test the pathologic changes of VDR in intestine. In the current study, we reported a simple and sensitive quantitative PCR (qPCR) method to detect reduction of intestinal VDR using fecal samples. We validated this method in several experimental models, such as colitis, bacterial infection, and aging. We further correlated the qPCR data of VDR with the protein level of VDR in colon or serum 25 (OH)D3 in mice with different VDR status (VDR+/+, VDR+/-, and VDR−/−). Our data indicate that the qPCR method to test VDR using fecal samples could detect the expression level of intestinal VDR in various diseases. Our study highlights the feasibility, sensitivity, and simplicity of a molecular method to study the status of VDR as a biomarker.

Keywords

InflammationCorrelationMicrobiomeInfectionBiomarkerAgingSalmonellaVitamin D deficiency

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 8 Issue 6,
November 2021
Pages 939-945
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.03.002
Cite this article:
Zhang Y-g, Xia Y, Sun J. A simple and sensitive method to detect vitamin D receptor expression in various disease models using stool samples. Genes & Diseases, 2021, 8(6): 939-945. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2020.03.002

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Received: 08 January 2020
Revised: 24 February 2020
Accepted: 06 March 2020
Published: 17 March 2020
© 2020, Chongqing Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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