AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Genes & Diseases Article
PDF (1.2 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Review Article | Open Access

MiRNAs and lncRNAs in NK cell biology and NK/T-cell lymphoma

Fengxia Gaoa,b,, Sirong Hea,b, Aishun Jina,b( )
Department of Immunology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400010, PR China
Chongqing Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology and Tumor Immunotherapy, Chongqing Medical University, No.1, Medical School Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400010, PR China

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

Show Author Information

Abstract

The important role of lncRNAs and miRNAs in directing immune responses has become increasingly clear. Recent evidence conforms that miRNAs and lncRNAs are involved in NK cell biology and diseases through RNA–protein, RNA–RNA, or RNA–DNA interactions. In this view, we summarize the contribution of miRNAs and lncRNAs to NK cell lineage development, activation and function, highlight the biological significance of functional miRNAs or lncRNAs in NKTL and discuss the potential of these miRNAs and lncRNAs as innovative biomarkers/targets for NKTL early diagnosis, target treatment and prognostic evaluations.

Keywords

DevelopmentFunctionActivationmiRNAlncRNAsNK cell BiologyNK/T-cell lymphoma

References

1

Vasudevan S, Tong Y, Steitz J. Switching from repression to activation: microRNAs can up-regulate translation. Science. 2007;318(5858): 1931-1934.
Crossref Google Scholar
2

Bartel D. Metazoan MicroRNAs. Cell. 2018;173: 20-51.
Crossref Google Scholar
3

Rasko J, Wong J. Nuclear microRNAs in normal hemopoiesis and cancer. J Hematol Oncol. 2017;10(1), e8.
Crossref Google Scholar
4

Hausser J, Zavolan M. Identification and consequences of miRNA-target interactions–beyond repression of gene expression. Nat Rev Genet. 2014;15(9): 599-612.
Crossref Google Scholar
5

Denaro N, Merlano M, Lo Nigro C. Long non-coding RNAs as regulators of cancer immunity. Mol Oncology. 2019;13(1): 61-73.
Crossref Google Scholar
6

Shi X, Sun M, Wu Y, et al. Post-transcriptional regulation of long noncoding RNAs in cancer. Tumour Biol. 2015;36(2): 503-513.
Crossref Google Scholar
7

Zhu J. LncRNA AK023391 promotes tumorigenesis and invasion of gastric cancer through activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. J Exp Clin Canc Res. 2017;36(1), e194.
Crossref Google Scholar
8

Yang J, Tao H, Deng Z, Chao L, Li J. Non-coding RNA-mediated epigenetic regulation of liver fibrosis. Metab Clin Exp. 2015;64(11): 1386-1394.
Crossref Google Scholar
9

Huang Y, Zheng Y, Jia L, Li W. Long noncoding RNA H19 promotes osteoblast differentiation via TGF-β1/smad 3/HDAC signaling pathway by deriving miR-675. Stem Cells (Dayton). 2015;33(12): 3481-3492.
Crossref Google Scholar
10

Jewett A, Kos J, Fong Y, et al. NK cells shape pancreatic and oral tumor microenvironments; role in inhibition of tumor growth and metastasis. Semin Canc Biol. 2018;53: 178-188.
Crossref Google Scholar
11

Lin W, Man X, Li P, et al. NK cells are negatively regulated by sCD83 in experimental autoimmune uveitis. Sci Rep. 2017;7(1), e12895.
Crossref Google Scholar
12

Schmidt L, Eskiocak B, Kohn R, et al. Enhanced adaptive immune responses in lung adenocarcinoma through natural killer cell stimulation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2019;116(35): 17460-17469.
Crossref Google Scholar
13

Shoyab M. Regulation of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor expression by Oncostatin M. Blood. 1993;82(1): 33-37.
Crossref Google Scholar
14

Henao-Mejia. Long noncoding RNAs and the regulation of innate immunity and host-virus interactions. J Leukoc Biol. 2019;106(1): 83-93.
Crossref Google Scholar
15

Chang H. Long noncoding RNA in hematopoiesis and immunity. Immunity. 2015;42(5): 792-804.
Crossref Google Scholar
16

Boxberger N, Hecker M, Zettl U. Dysregulation of inflammasome priming and activation by MicroRNAs in human immune-mediated diseases. J Immunol. 2019;202(8): 2177-2187.
Crossref Google Scholar
17

Yang T, Ge B. miRNAs in immune responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Canc Lett. 2018;431: 22-30.
Crossref Google Scholar
18

Wang P, Xue Y, Han Y, et al. The STAT3-binding long noncoding RNA lnc-DC controls human dendritic cell differentiation. Science (New York, N.Y.). 2014;344(6181): 310-313.
Crossref Google Scholar
19

Baumjohann D. Diverse functions of miR-17-92 cluster microRNAs in T helper cells. Canc Lett. 2018;423: 147-152.
Crossref Google Scholar
20

Francesco C, Sandrine I, Rodney P, Olivier L, Harinder S, James D. Differential requirement for the transcription factor PU. 1 in the generation of natural killer cells versus B and T cells. Blood. 2001;97(9): 2625-2632.
Crossref Google Scholar
21

Geogopoulos K. Lack of natural killer cell precursors in fetal liver of ikaros knockout mutant mice. Nat Immun. 1998;16(4): 137-145.
Crossref Google Scholar
22

Ramirez K, Chandler K, Spaulding C, et al. Gene deregulation and chronic activation in natural killer cells deficient in the transcription factor ETS1. Immunity. 2012;36(6): 921-932.
Crossref Google Scholar
23

Gascoyne D, Long E, Veiga-Fernandes H, et al. The basic leucine zipper transcription factor E4BP4 is essential for natural killer cell development. Nat Immunol. 2009;10(10): 1118-1124.
Crossref Google Scholar
24

Brian DLT. Shared dependence on the DNA-binding factor TOX for the development of lymphoid tissue–inducer cell and NK cell lineages. Nat Immunol. 2010;11(10): 945-952.
Crossref Google Scholar
25

Townsend MJ, Weinmann AS, Matsuda JL, et al. T-bet regulates the terminal maturation and homeostasis of NK and Vα14i NKT cells. Immunity. 2004;20(4): 477-494.
Crossref Google Scholar
26

Narni-Mancinelli E, Ugolini S, Vivier E. Tuning the threshold of natural killer cell responses. Curr Opin Immunol. 2013;25(1): 53-58.
Crossref Google Scholar
27

Kallies A, Carotta S, Huntington N, et al. A role for Blimp 1 in the transcriptional network controlling natural killer cell maturation. Blood. 2011;117(6): 1869-1879.
Crossref Google Scholar
28

Walker JA, Clark PA, Crisp A, et al. Polychromic reporter mice reveal unappreciated innate lymphoid cell progenitor heterogeneity and elusive ILC3 progenitors in bone marrow. Immunity. 2019;51(1): 104-118.
Crossref Google Scholar
29

Steven L. The transcription factors T-bet and eomes control key checkpoints of natural killer cell maturation. Immunity. 2012;36(1): 55-67.
Crossref Google Scholar
30

Holmes M, Huntington N, Thong R, et al. Peripheral natural killer cell maturation depends on the transcription factor Aiolos. EMBO J. 2014;33(22): 2721-2734.
Crossref Google Scholar
31

Castro W, Chelbi S, Niogret C, et al. The transcription factor Rfx7 limits metabolism of NK cells and promotes their maintenance and immunity. Nat Immunol. 2018;19(8): 809-820.
Crossref Google Scholar
32

Rudensky A. Interactions between innate and adaptive lymphocytes. Nat Rev Immunol. 2014;14: 631-639.
Crossref Google Scholar
33

Abel A, Yang C, Thakar M, Malarkannan S. Natural killer cells: development, maturation, and clinical utilization. Front Immunol. 2018;9: 1869.
Crossref Google Scholar
34

Weissman I. Lymphoid development from hematopoietic stem cells. Int J Hematol. 1999;69(4): 217-226.
Google Scholar
35

Ogawa M. CD38 expression by hematopoietic stem cells of newborn and juvenile mice. Leukemia. 2003;17(1): 171-174.
Crossref Google Scholar
36

Whiteside T. Expression and function of CD7 molecule on human natural killer cells. J Immunol. 1994;152(2): 517-526.
Crossref Google Scholar
37

Luetke-Eversloh M, Killig M, Romagnani C. Signatures of human NK cell development and terminal differentiation. Front Immunol. 2013;4, e499.
Crossref Google Scholar
38

Renoux V, Zriwil A, Peitzsch C, et al. Identification of a human natural killer cell lineage-restricted progenitor in fetal and adult tissues. Immunity. 2015;43(2): 394-407.
Crossref Google Scholar
39

Malmberg K. Expression patterns of NKG2A, KIR, and CD57 define a process of CD56dim NK-cell differentiation uncoupled from NK-cell education. Blood. 2010;116(19): 3853-3864.
Crossref Google Scholar
40

Dandolo L. H19 lncRNA controls gene expression of the Imprinted Gene Network by recruiting MBD1. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2013;110(51): 20693-20698.
Crossref Google Scholar
41

Mowel WK, McCright SJ, Kotzin JJ, et al. Group 1 innate lymphoid cell lineage identity is determined by a cis -regulatory element marked by a long non-coding RNA. Immunity. 2017;47(3): 435-449.
Crossref Google Scholar
42

Zhang R, Ni F, Fu B, et al. A long noncoding RNA positively regulates CD56 in human natural killer cells. Oncotarget. 2016;7(45): 72546-72558.
Crossref Google Scholar
43

Sullivan RP, Leong JW, Schneider SE, et al. MicroRNA-15/16 antagonizes Myb to control NK cell maturation. J Immunol. 2015;195(6): 2806-2817.
Crossref Google Scholar
44

Lanier L. miR-150 regulates the development of NK and iNKT cells. J Exp Med. 2011;208(13): 2717-2731.
Crossref Google Scholar
45

Cichocki F, Felices M, McCullar V, et al. Cutting edge: microRNA-181 promotes human NK cell development by regulating Notch signaling. J Immunol. 2011;187(12): 6171-6175.
Crossref Google Scholar
46

Yun S, Lee S, Kim J, et al. Integrated mRNA-microRNA profiling of human NK cell differentiation identifies MiR-583 as a negative regulator of IL2Rγ expression. PloS One. 2014;9(10), e108913.
Crossref Google Scholar
47

Mundy-Bosse B, Scoville S, Chen L, et al. MicroRNA-29b mediates altered innate immune development in acute leukemia. J Clin Invest. 2016;126(12): 4404-4416.
Crossref Google Scholar
48

Mantovani S, Oliviero B, Lombardi A, et al. Deficient natural killer cell NKp30-mediated function and altered NCR3 splice variants in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatology. 2019;69(3): 1165-1179.
Crossref Google Scholar
49

Paczulla A, Rothfelder K, Raffel S, et al. Publisher Correction: absence of NKG2D ligands defines leukaemia stem cells and mediates their immune evasion. Nature. 2019;572(7770), E19.
Crossref Google Scholar
50

Parodi M, Favoreel H, Candiano G, et al. NKp44-NKp44 ligand interactions in the regulation of natural killer cells and other innate lymphoid cells in humans. Front Immunol. 2019;10, e719.
Crossref Google Scholar
51

Costello R, Boehrer A, Sanchez C, et al. Differential expression of natural killer cell activating receptors in blood versus bone marrow in patients with monoclonal gammopathy. Immunology. 2013;139(3): 338-341.
Crossref Google Scholar
52

Guillamón C, Martínez-Sánchez M, Gimeno L, et al. NK cell education in tumor immune surveillance: DNAM-1/KIR receptor ratios as predictive biomarkers for solid tumor outcome. Cancer Immunology Research. 2018;6(12): 1537-1547.
Crossref Google Scholar
53

Sivori S, Vacca P, Del Zotto G, Munari E, Mingari M, Moretta L. Human NK cells: surface receptors, inhibitory checkpoints, and translational applications. Cell Mol Immunol. 2019;16(5): 430-441.
Crossref Google Scholar
54

McGrath E, Ryan E, Lynch L, et al. Changes in endometrial natural killer cell expression of CD94, CD158a and CD158b are associated with infertility. AJRI (Am J Reprod Immunol). 2009;61(4): 265-276.
Crossref Google Scholar
55

Zhou M, Zhao C, Chen X, et al. MicroRNA-34a promotes MICB expression in hepatocytes. Carcinogenesis. 2018;39: 1477-1487.
Crossref Google Scholar
56

Abdelrahman M, Fawzy I, Bassiouni A, et al. Enhancing NK cell cytotoxicity by miR-182 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Immunol. 2016;77(8): 667-673.
Crossref Google Scholar
57

Chen L. MicroRNA-30c promotes natural killer cell cytotoxicity via up-regulating the expression level of NKG2D. Life Sci. 2016;15(151): 174-181.
Crossref Google Scholar
58

Neviani P, Wise P, Murtadha M, et al. Natural killer-derived exosomal miR-186 inhibits neuroblastoma growth and immune escape mechanisms. Canc Res. 2019;79(6): 1151-1164.
Crossref Google Scholar
59

Cho H, Chung J, Kim S, et al. MICA/B and ULBP1 NKG2D ligands are independent predictors of good prognosis in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer. 2014;14, e957.
Crossref Google Scholar
60

Shen J, Pan J, Du C, et al. Silencing NKG2D ligand-targeting miRNAs enhances natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer. Cell Death Dis. 2017;8, e2740.
Crossref Google Scholar
61

Hanah M. Host immune system gene targeting by a viral miRNA. Science. 2007;317(5836): 376-381.
Crossref Google Scholar
62

Espinoza J, Takami A, Yoshioka K, et al. Human microRNA-1245 down-regulates the NKG2D receptor in natural killer cells and impairs NKG2D-mediated functions. Haematologica. 2012;97(9): 1295-1303.
Crossref Google Scholar
63

Tang S, Fu H, Xu Q, Zhou Y. miR-20a regulates sensitivity of colorectal cancer cells to NK cells by targeting MICA. Biosci Rep. 2019;39(7), BSR20180695.
Crossref Google Scholar
64

Chen L. miR-30c-1* promotes natural killer cell cytotoxicity against human hepatoma cells by targeting the transcription factor HMBOX1. Canc Sci. 2012;103(4): 645-652.
Crossref Google Scholar
65

Malmberg K, Carlsten M, Björklund A, Sohlberg E, Bryceson Y, Ljunggren H. Natural killer cell-mediated immunosurveillance of human cancer. Semin Immunol. 2017;31: 20-29.
Crossref Google Scholar
66

Mandelboim O. IFNG-AS1 enhances interferon gamma production in human natural killer cells. iScience. 2019;25(11): 466-473.
Crossref Google Scholar
67

Fang P, Xiang L, Chen W, et al. LncRNA GAS5 enhanced the killing effect of NK cell on liver cancer through regulating miR-544/RUNX3. Innate Immun. 2019;25(2): 99-109.
Crossref Google Scholar
68

Ni F, Guo C, Sun R, et al. MicroRNA transcriptomes of distinct human NK cell populations identify miR-362-5p as an essential regulator of NK cell function. Sci Rep. 2015;5, e9993.
Crossref Google Scholar
69

Regis S, Caliendo F, Dondero A, et al. TGF-β1 downregulates the expression of CXCR1 by inducing miR-27a-5p in primary human NK cells. Front Immunol. 2017;8, e868.
Crossref Google Scholar
70

Fehniger T, Wylie T, Germino E, et al. Next-generation sequencing identifies the natural killer cell microRNA transcriptome. Genome Res. 2010;20(11): 1590-1604.
Crossref Google Scholar
71

Kim T, Lee S, Yun S, et al. Human microRNA-27a* targets Prf1 and GzmB expression to regulate NK-cell cytotoxicity. Blood. 2011;118(20): 5476-5486.
Crossref Google Scholar
72

Liu S, Chen L, Zeng Y, et al. Suppressed expression of miR-378 targeting gzmb in NK cells is required to control dengue virus infection. Cell Mol Immunol. 2016;13(5): 700-708.
Crossref Google Scholar
73

Wang P, Gu Y, Zhang Q, et al. Identification of resting and type I IFN-activated human NK cell miRNomes reveals microRNA-378 and microRNA-30e as negative regulators of NK cell cytotoxicity. J Immunol. 2012;189(1): 211-221.
Crossref Google Scholar
74

Johnnidis J, Harris M, Wheeler R, et al. Regulation of progenitor cell proliferation and granulocyte function by microRNA-223. Nature. 2008;451(7182): 1125-1129.
Crossref Google Scholar
75

Sanchez-Martínez D, Krzywinska E, Rathore M, et al. All-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) induces miR-23a expression, decreases CTSC expression and granzyme B activity leading to impaired NK cell cytotoxicity. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2014;49: 42-52.
Crossref Google Scholar
76

Bacchi C. Clinicopathologic and molecular features of 122 Brazilian cases of nodal and extranodal NK/T-Cell lymphoma, nasal type, with EBV subtyping analysis. Am J Surg Pathol. 2011;35(8): 1195-1203.
Crossref Google Scholar
77

Lewis L. Evolutionary struggles between NK cells and viruses. Nat Rev Immunol. 2008;8(4): 259-268.
Crossref Google Scholar
78

Huang W, Lin C. EBV-encoded miR-BART20-5p and miR-BART8 inhibit the IFN-γ-STAT1 pathway associated with disease progression in nasal NK-cell lymphoma. Am J Pathol. 2014;184(4): 1185-1197.
Crossref Google Scholar
79

Ramakrishnan R, Donahue H, Garcia D, et al. Epstein-Barr virus BART9 miRNA modulates LMP1 levels and affects growth rate of nasal NK T cell lymphomas. PloS One. 2011;6, e27271.
Crossref Google Scholar
80

Alles J, Menegatti J, Motsch N, et al. miRNA expression profiling of Epstein-Barr virus-associated NKTL cell lines by Illumina deep sequencing. FEBS open bio. 2016;6: 251-263.
Crossref Google Scholar
81

de Mel S, Soon G, Mok Y, et al. The genomics and molecular biology of natural killer/T-cell lymphoma: opportunities for translation. Int J Mol Sci. 2018;19(7), e1931.
Crossref Google Scholar
82

Ng S, Yan J, Huang G, et al. Dysregulated microRNAs affect pathways and targets of biologic relevance in nasal-type natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Blood. 2011;118(18): 4919-4929.
Crossref Google Scholar
83

Yamanaka Y, Tagawa H, Takahashi N, et al. Aberrant overexpression of microRNAs activate AKT signaling via down-regulation of tumor suppressors in natural killer-cell lymphoma/leukemia. Blood. 2009;114(15): 3265-3275.
Crossref Google Scholar
84

Chang Y, Cui M, Fu X, et al. MiRNA-155 regulates lymphangiogenesis in natural killer/T-cell lymphoma by targeting BRG1. Canc Biol Ther. 2019;20(1): 31-41.
Crossref Google Scholar
85

Chen H, Huang W, Yang L, Lin C. The PTEN-AKT-mTOR/RICTOR pathway in nasal natural killer cell lymphoma is activated by miR-494-3p via PTEN but inhibited by miR-142-3p via RICTOR. Am J Pathol. 2015;185(5): 1487-1499.
Crossref Google Scholar
86

Watanabe A, Tagawa H, Yamashita J, et al. The role of microRNA-150 as a tumor suppressor in malignant lymphoma. Leukemia. 2011;25(8): 1324-1334.
Crossref Google Scholar
87

Paik J, Jang J, Jeon Y, et al. MicroRNA-146a downregulates NFκB activity via targeting TRAF6 and functions as a tumor suppressor having strong prognostic implications in NK/T cell lymphoma. Clin Canc Res : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research. 2011;17(14): 4761-4771.
Crossref Google Scholar
88

Go H, Jang J, Kim C, Huh J, Kim P, Jeon Y. Identification of microRNAs modulated by DNA hypomethylating drugs in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Leuk Lymphoma. 2020;61(1): 66-74.
Crossref Google Scholar
89

Zhang M. miRNA-155 modulates the malignant biological characteristics of NK/T-Cell lymphoma cells by targeting FOXO3a gene. J Huazhong Univ Sci Technol. 2014;34(6): 882-888.
Crossref Google Scholar
90

Wang S, Song W, Wei S, et al. Functional titanium carbide MXenes-loaded entropy-driven RNA explorer for long noncoding RNA PCA3 imaging in live cells. Anal Chem. 2019;91(13): 8622-8629.
Crossref Google Scholar
91

Yoon S. Association of the long non-coding RNA MALAT1 with the polycomb repressive complex pathway in T and NK cell lymphoma. Oncotarget. 2017;8(19): 31305-31317.
Crossref Google Scholar
92

Liang L, Nong L, Zhang S, et al. The downregulation of PRDM1/Blimp-1 is associated with aberrant expression of miR-223 in extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type. J Exp Clin Cancer Res. 2014;33(1), e7.
Crossref Google Scholar
93

Liang L, Zhang Z, Wang Y, et al. The genetic deletion of 6q21 and PRDM1 and clinical implications in extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type. Biomed Res Int. 2015;2015, e435423.
Crossref Google Scholar
94

Harabuchi Y. Downregulation of miR-15a due to LMP1 promotes cell proliferation and predicts poor prognosis in nasal NK/T-cell lymphoma. Am J Hematol. 2014;89(1): 25-33.
Crossref Google Scholar
95

Trotta R, Chen L, Ciarlariello D, et al. miR-155 regulates IFN-γ production in natural killer cells. Blood. 2012;119(15): 3478-3485.
Crossref Google Scholar
96

Cheng Y, Ren J, Zhao J, et al. MicroRNA-155 regulates interferon-γ production in natural killer cells via Tim-3 signalling in chronic hepatitis C virus infection. Immunology. 2015;145(4): 485-497.
Crossref Google Scholar
97

Wang H, Zhang Y, Wu X, et al. Regulation of human natural killer cell IFN-γ production by microRNA-146a via targeting the NF-κB signaling pathway. Front Immunol. 2018;9, e293.
Crossref Google Scholar
98

Xu D, Han Q, Hou Z, Zhang C, Zhang J. miR-146a negatively regulates NK cell functions via STAT1 signaling. Cell Mol Immunol. 2017;14(8): 712-720.
Crossref Google Scholar
99

Yang Y, Jin Z, Dong R, et al. MicroRNA-29b/142-5p contribute to the pathogenesis of biliary atresia by regulating the IFN-γ gene. Cell Death Dis. 2018;9(5), e545.
Crossref Google Scholar
100

Guo HQ, Huang GL, Guo CC, Pu XX, Lin TY. Diagnostic and prognostic value of circulating miR-221 for extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma. Dis Markers. 2010;29(5): 251-258.
Crossref Google Scholar
101

Kitadate A, Ikeda S, Teshima K, et al. MicroRNA-16 mediates the regulation of a senescence-apoptosis switch in cutaneous T-cell and other non-Hodgkin lymphomas. Oncogene. 2016;35(28): 3692-3704.
Crossref Google Scholar
102

Chang T, Yu D, Lee Y, et al. Widespread microRNA repression by Myc contributes to tumorigenesis. Nat Genet. 2008;40(1): 43-50.
Crossref Google Scholar
Genes & Diseases
Volume 8 Issue 5,
September 2021
Pages 590-602
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.006
Cite this article:
Gao F, He S, Jin A. MiRNAs and lncRNAs in NK cell biology and NK/T-cell lymphoma. Genes & Diseases, 2021, 8(5): 590-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2020.08.006

206

Views

3

Downloads

7

Crossref

N/A

Web of Science

7

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics
Received: 01 May 2020
Revised: 07 August 2020
Accepted: 19 August 2020
Published: 31 August 2020
© 2020, Chongqing Medical University. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Return