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Review Article | Open Access

Emerging roles of activating transcription factor (ATF) family members in tumourigenesis and immunity: Implications in cancer immunotherapy

Meilin Chen, Yijun Liu, Yuqin Yang, Yanbing Qiu, Zhicheng Wang, Xiaoxu Li, Wenling Zhang( )
Department of Medical Laboratory Science, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, PR China
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Abstract

Activating transcription factors, ATFs, are a group of bZIP transcription factors that act as homodimers or heterodimers with a range of other bZIP factors. In general, ATFs respond to extracellular signals, indicating their important roles in maintaining homeostasis. The ATF family includes ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7. Consistent with the diversity of cellular processes reported to be regulated by ATFs, the functions of ATFs are also diverse. ATFs play an important role in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation and inflammation-related pathological processes. The expression and phosphorylation status of ATFs are also related to neurodegenerative diseases and polycystic kidney disease. Various miRNAs target ATFs to regulate cancer proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy, sensitivity and resistance to radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Moreover, ATFs are necessary to maintain cell redox homeostasis. Therefore, deepening our understanding of the regulation and function of ATFs will provide insights into the basic regulatory mechanisms that influence how cells integrate extracellular and intracellular signals into genomic responses through transcription factors. Under pathological conditions, especially in cancer biology and response to treatment, the characterization of ATF dysfunction is important for understanding how to therapeutically utilize ATF2 or other pathways controlled by transcription factors. In this review, we will demonstrate how ATF1, ATF2, ATF3, ATF4, ATF5, ATF6, and ATF7 function in promoting or suppressing cancer development and identify their roles in tumour immunotherapy.

Keywords

CancerImmunityAnti-tumor effectTumorigenesisATFbZIP

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 9 Issue 4,
July 2022
Pages 981-999
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.04.008
Cite this article:
Chen M, Liu Y, Yang Y, et al. Emerging roles of activating transcription factor (ATF) family members in tumourigenesis and immunity: Implications in cancer immunotherapy. Genes & Diseases, 2022, 9(4): 981-999. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2021.04.008

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Received: 17 October 2020
Revised: 20 April 2021
Accepted: 26 April 2021
Published: 03 June 2021
© 2021, Chongqing Medical University.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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