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Review Article | Open Access

Studies on the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and its impact on obesity-associated diseases

Chaoqun Huanga,b,c,d,, Wei Chena,b,c,d, Xinxia Wanga,b,c,d( )
College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science (Eastern of China), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
Key Laboratory of Animal Feed and Nutrition of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

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Abstract

Obesity has become a major health crisis in the past ~50 years. The fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene, identified by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), was first reported to be positively associated with obesity in humans. Mice with more copies of the FTO gene were observed to be obese, while loss of the gene in mice was found to protect from obesity. Later, FTO was found to encode an m6A RNA demethylase and has a profound effect on many biological and metabolic processes. In this review, we first summarize recent studies that demonstrate the critical roles and regulatory mechanisms of FTO in obesity and metabolic disease. Second, we discuss the ongoing debates concerning the association between FTO polymorphisms and obesity. Third, since several small molecule drugs and micronutrients have been found to regulate metabolic homeostasis through controlling the expression or activity of FTO, we highlight the broad potential of targeting FTO for obesity treatment. Improving our understanding of FTO and the underlying mechanisms may provide new approaches for treating obesity and metabolic diseases.

Keywords

ObesityAdipogenesisMetabolic diseasesFTON6-methyladenosineRNA m6A modification

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 10 Issue 6,
November 2023
Pages 2351-2365
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.014
Cite this article:
Huang C, Chen W, Wang X. Studies on the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and its impact on obesity-associated diseases. Genes & Diseases, 2023, 10(6): 2351-2365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.04.014

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Received: 19 December 2021
Revised: 29 March 2022
Accepted: 01 April 2022
Published: 06 May 2022
© 2022 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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