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Review Article | Open Access

Clinical relevance of circulating non-coding RNAs in metabolic diseases: Emphasis on obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome

Abdullahi Dandarea,b,, Muhammad Jawad Khana( ), Aisha Naeemc,d, Afrose Liaquate
Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
Department of Biochemistry, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto 840104, Nigeria
Ministry of Public Health, POB42, Doha, Qatar
Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20057, USA
Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-E-Millat University, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) participate in the regulation of several cellular processes including transcription, RNA processing and genome rearrangement. The aberrant expression of ncRNAs is associated with several pathological conditions. In this review, we focused on recent information to elucidate the role of various regulatory ncRNAs i.e., micro RNAs (miRNAs), circular RNAs (circRNAs) and long-chain non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), in metabolic diseases, e.g., obesity, diabetes mellitus (DM), cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and metabolic syndrome (MetS). The mechanisms by which ncRNAs participated in disease pathophysiology were also highlighted. miRNAs regulate the expression of genes at transcriptional and translational levels. circRNAs modulate the regulation of gene expression via miRNA sponging activity, interacting with RNA binding protein and polymerase II transcription regulation. lncRNAs regulate the expression of genes by acting as a protein decoy, miRNA sponging, miRNA host gene, binding to miRNA response elements (MRE) and the recruitment of transcriptional element or chromatin modifiers. We examined the role of ncRNAs in the disease pathogenesis and their potential role as molecular markers for diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic targets. We showed the involvement of ncRNAs in the onset of obesity and its progression to MetS and CVD. miRNA-192, miRNA-122, and miRNA-221 were dysregulated in all these metabolic diseases. Other ncRNAs, implicated in at least three diseases include miRNA-15a, miRNA-26, miRNA-27a, miRNA-320, and miRNA-375. Dysregulation of ncRNAs increased the risk of development of DM and MetS and its progression to CVD in obese individuals. Hence, these molecules are potential targets to arrest or delay the progression of metabolic diseases.

Keywords

BiomarkersmiRNAsMetabolic diseasesTherapeutic targetsCircRNAsLncRNAsNon-coding RNAs

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 10 Issue 6,
November 2023
Pages 2393-2413
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.05.022
Cite this article:
Dandare A, Khan MJ, Naeem A, et al. Clinical relevance of circulating non-coding RNAs in metabolic diseases: Emphasis on obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases and metabolic syndrome. Genes & Diseases, 2023, 10(6): 2393-2413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.05.022

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Received: 26 January 2022
Accepted: 11 May 2022
Published: 03 June 2022
© 2022 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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