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Review Article | Open Access

Cervical cancer: a tale from HPV infection to PARP inhibitors

Department of Medical Oncology, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
Department of Oncoanaesthesia and Palliative Medicine, Dr. B.R.A. Institute Rotary Cancer Hospital, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110029, India
Epigenetics Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

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Abstract

Globally, cervical cancer (CxCa) ranks 4th common cancer among females and led to 569,847 incidences and 311,365 deaths in 2018. 80% of CxCa cases occur due to persistent infection with a high-risk subtype of human papillomavirus (HPV-16 and 18). Smoking, high parity, and co-infection with type 2 herpes simplex or HIV are other known risk factors for CxCa. Major histological subtypes are squamous (70%) and adenocarcinoma (25%). Presently, concurrent radiation plus cisplatin (CDDP)-based chemotherapy is the standard treatment for CxCa patients. However, CDDP resistance and toxic side effects limit its efficacy, leading to a poorer response rate and an expected overall survival ranging from 10 to 17.5 months. Reduced drug uptake, increased DNA damage repair, increased CDDP inactivation, and overexpressed Bcl-2 or caspase inhibition, are primarily accountable mechanisms for CDDP resistance and improving CDDP's efficacy remains the major challenge. Poly (ADP-ribosyl) polymerase-1, an effective mediator of nucleotide excision repair pathway, is involved in DNA repair as well as maintaining genomic stability and is significantly expressed in malignant lymphomas, hepatocellular-, cervical- and colorectal carcinoma, which has been approved effective in maintenance therapy and may serve as an effective target to enhance CDDP sensitivity in CxCa. Here, we summarize the etiology and epidemiology of and treatment for CxCa, the mechanism responsible for chemotherapy resistance, PARP inhibitor as a possible therapy for CxCa, and other possible chemotherapeutic options for CxCa treatment.

Keywords

ResistanceChemotherapyCisplatinCervical cancerDisease etiology and histologyPARP inhibitors

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 10 Issue 4,
July 2023
Pages 1445-1456
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.014
Cite this article:
Mann M, Singh VP, Kumar L. Cervical cancer: a tale from HPV infection to PARP inhibitors. Genes & Diseases, 2023, 10(4): 1445-1456. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.09.014

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Received: 05 June 2022
Revised: 28 August 2022
Accepted: 18 September 2022
Published: 10 November 2022
© 2022 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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