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Review Article | Open Access

The function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment

Yan Zhanga,1, Qiu Pengb,1, Jinhua Zhenga, Yuzhong Yanga, Xuemei Zhanga, Aiyu Maa, Yuxia Qina, Zailong Qinc( ), Xiang Zhenga( )
Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, Guangxi 541001, China
Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410013, China
Laboratory of Genetics and Metabolism, Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region; Guangxi Birth Defects Research and Prevention Institute, Nanning, Guangxi 530003, China

1 These authors contributed equally to this study.

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Lactate is an end product of glycolysis. Owing to the lactate shuttle concept introduced in the early 1980s, increasing researchers indicate lactate as a critical energy source for mitochondrial respiration and as a precursor of gluconeogenesis. Lactate also acts as a multifunctional signaling molecule through receptors expressed in various cells, resulting in diverse biological consequences including decreased lipolysis, immune regulation, and anti-inflammation wound healing, and enhanced exercise performance in association with the gut microbiome. Furthermore, increasing evidence reveals that lactate contributes to epigenetic gene regulation by lactylating lysine residues of histones, which accounts for its key role in immune modulation and maintenance of homeostasis. Here, we summarize the function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment.

Keywords

LactateMicroenvironmentTumorigenesisEpigenetic regulationLactylation

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 10 Issue 5,
September 2023
Pages 2029-2037
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.006
Cite this article:
Zhang Y, Peng Q, Zheng J, et al. The function and mechanism of lactate and lactylation in tumor metabolism and microenvironment. Genes & Diseases, 2023, 10(5): 2029-2037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.006

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Received: 25 July 2022
Revised: 20 September 2022
Accepted: 10 October 2022
Published: 19 October 2022
© 2022 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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