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Review Article | Open Access

Emerging roles and potential clinical applications of translatable circular RNAs in cancer and other human diseases

Hongliang Liua,b,c,d,( ), Wenjing Haoa,d, Jiao Yange, Yuliang Zhanga,b, Xinfang Wanga,d, Chunming Zhanga,b,c,( )
Shanxi Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
Shanxi Province Clinical Medical Research Center for Precision Medicine of Head and Neck Cancer, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, The Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China
Department of Anatomy, The Basic Medical School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, China

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

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Abstract

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a special class of single-stranded RNA molecules with covalently closed loops widely expressed in eukaryotic organisms. CircRNAs have long been considered to play important roles in various physiological and pathological processes as non-coding RNAs. However, circRNAs have recently garnered considerable attention due to their ability to be translated into peptides/proteins via internal ribosome entry site- or N6-methyladenosine-mediated pathways or rolling translation mechanisms. Furthermore, dysregulation of translatable circRNAs and their encoded proteins has been associated with developing and progressing diseases such as cancer. This review aims to summarize the driving mechanisms of circRNA translation and the available strategies in circRNA translation research. The main focus is on the emerging biological functions of translatable circRNAs, their regulatory mechanisms, and potential clinical applications in human diseases to provide new perspectives on disease diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted therapy.

Keywords

PeptideFunctionTranslationClinical applicationsCircular RNA

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 10 Issue 5,
September 2023
Pages 1994-2012
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.015
Cite this article:
Liu H, Hao W, Yang J, et al. Emerging roles and potential clinical applications of translatable circular RNAs in cancer and other human diseases. Genes & Diseases, 2023, 10(5): 1994-2012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2022.10.015

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Received: 22 July 2022
Accepted: 20 October 2022
Published: 29 October 2022
© 2022 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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