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Review Article | Open Access

Cancer organoids: A platform in basic and translational research

Xin Maa,,1, Qin Wangb,c,d,1, Guozheng Lia, Hui Lia, Shouping Xua,c( ), Da Panga,b,c( )
Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
Sino-Russian Medical Research Center, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150081, China
Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China
Department of Pharmacology (The State-Province Key Laboratories of Biomedicine-Pharmaceutics of China), College of Pharmacy of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang 150086, China

Peer review under responsibility of Chongqing Medical University.

1 These authors contributed equally to this work.

Show Author Information

Abstract

An accumulation of previous work has established organoids as good preclinical models of human tumors, facilitating translation from basic research to clinical practice. They are changing the paradigm of preclinical cancer research because they can recapitulate the heterogeneity and pathophysiology of human cancers and more closely approximate the complex tissue environment and structure found in clinical tumors than in vitro cell lines and animal models. However, the potential applications of cancer organoids remain to be comprehensively summarized. In the review, we firstly describe what is currently known about cancer organoid culture and then discuss in depth the basic mechanisms, including tumorigenesis and tumor metastasis, and describe recent advances in patient-derived tumor organoids (PDOs) for drug screening and immunological studies. Finally, the present challenges faced by organoid technology in clinical practice and its prospects are discussed. This review highlights that organoids may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for cancer research.

Keywords

ImmunotherapyPrecision medicineOrganoidsDrug assaysMechanism research

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Genes & Diseases
Volume 11 Issue 2,
March 2024
Pages 614-632
DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.052
Cite this article:
Ma X, Wang Q, Li G, et al. Cancer organoids: A platform in basic and translational research. Genes & Diseases, 2024, 11(2): 614-632. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gendis.2023.02.052

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Received: 14 May 2022
Accepted: 16 February 2023
Published: 12 April 2023
© 2023 The Authors.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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