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Research Article | Open Access

Delayed cerebral ischemia associated with surgery for pituitary macroadenomas that express elevated levels of PACAP

Dominic A. Silera, Kate U. Rosena, Stephen G. Bowdena, Andrew Y. Powersa, Jesse J. Liua, Aclan Dogana, Holly E. Hinsona,b,c,d,e, Maria Fleseriua,d, Randy L. Woltjerb, Justin S. Cetase( )
School of Medicine, Department of Neurological Surgery, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
School of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
Departments of Neurology and Emergency Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States
College of Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, University of Arizona, United States
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Abstract

Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) and cerebral vasospasm (VS) are rare but serious post-operative complications after surgery for pituitary macroadenomas; the mechanism of which are poorly understood. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) is a vasoactive neuropeptide expressed in pituitary adenomas and may play a role in DCI/VS. The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the association between tumor expression of PACAP and DCI/VS following pituitary surgery. Tumor tissue from five patients with DCI/VS following pituitary surgery and nine matched controls were evaluated for PACAP expression by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear PACAP expression was significantly elevated in patients with DCI/VS following pituitary surgery compared to controls (0.396 ± 0.0.16 a.u. vs 0.093 ± 0.04 a.u, p < 0.0001). There was a positive linear relationship between nuclear PACAP expression and pre-operative tumor volume (r2 = 0.41, p < 0.02) with a significant difference in slopes between the DCI/VS group compared to controls (y = x(5.0 × 10−3), r2 = 0.76 vs y = x(7.4 × 10−4), r2 = 0.07, p < 0.05). Elevated levels of tumor PACAP expression is associated with DCI/VS following pituitary surgery and may have a role in tumor growth. PACAP signaling may play a role the development of DCI, but further studies are needed.

Keywords

VasospasmDelayed cerebral ischemiaPACAPPituitary macroadenoma

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Brain Hemorrhages
Volume 4 Issue 1,
March 2023
Pages 1-5
DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2022.05.003
Cite this article:
Siler DA, Rosen KU, Bowden SG, et al. Delayed cerebral ischemia associated with surgery for pituitary macroadenomas that express elevated levels of PACAP. Brain Hemorrhages, 2023, 4(1): 1-5. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hest.2022.05.003

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Received: 16 April 2022
Revised: 09 May 2022
Accepted: 10 May 2022
Published: 18 May 2022
© 2023 International Hemorrhagic Stroke Association.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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