AI Chat Paper
Discover the SciOpen Platform and Achieve Your Research Goals with Ease.
● Convalescent sera from severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) patients are unable to neutralize SARS coronavirus 2.
● Neutralization escape by Omicron variants indicates significant antigenic change.
● Distinctive serotypes of SARS-related coronaviruses (SARSr-CoVs) revealed using convalescent sera of primary infection.
● Defining serotypes of SARSr-CoVs is important for future vaccine development.
Multiple Omicron sub-lineages have emerged, with Omicron XBB and XBB.1.5 subvariants becoming the dominant variants globally at the time of this study. The key feature of new variants is their ability to escape humoral immunity despite the fact that there are limited genetic changes from their preceding variants. This raises the question of whether Omicron should be regarded as a separate serotype from viruses serologically clustered with the ancestral severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Here, we present cross-neutralization data based on a pseudovirus neutralization test using convalescent sera from naïve individuals who had recovered from primary infection by SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 strains/variants including the ancestral virus and variants Beta, Delta, Omicron BA.1, Omicron BA.2 and Omicron BA.5. The results revealed no significant cross-neutralization in any of the three-way testing for SARS-CoV-1, ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants. The data argue for the assignment of three distinct serotypes for the currently known human-infecting SARS-related coronaviruses.
Schmidt F, Muecksch F, Weisblum Y, Da Silva J, Bednarski E, Cho A, et al. Plasma Neutralization of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant. N Engl J Med 2022;386:599–601.
Dejnirattisai W, Huo J, Zhou D, Zahradnik J, Supasa P, Liu C, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-B.1.1.529 leads to widespread escape from neutralizing antibody responses. Cell 2022;185:467–84.
Tan CW, Chia WN, Zhu F, Young BE, Chantasrisawad N, Hwa SH, et al. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant emerged under immune selection. Nat Microbiol 2022;7:1756–61.
Gu H, Quadeer AA, Krishnan P, Ng DYM, Chang LDJ, Liu GYZ, et al. Within-host genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 lineages in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals. Nat Commun 2023;14:1793.
Rossler A, Knabl L, von Laer D, Kimpel J. Neutralization Profile after Recovery from SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Infection. N Engl J Med 2022;386:1764–6.
Rossler A, Riepler L, Bante D, von Laer D, Kimpel J. SARS-CoV-2 Omicron Variant Neutralization in Serum from Vaccinated and Convalescent Persons. N Engl J Med 2022;386:698–700.
Iketani S, Liu L, Guo Y, Liu L, Chan JF, Huang Y, et al. Antibody evasion properties of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron sublineages. Nature 2022;604:553–6.
Liu L, Iketani S, Guo Y, Chan JF, Wang M, Liu L, et al. Striking antibody evasion manifested by the Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2. Nature 2022;602:676–81.
Cao Y, Wang J, Jian F, Xiao T, Song W, Yisimayi A, et al. Omicron escapes the majority of existing SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nature 2022;602:657–63.
Cele S, Jackson L, Khoury DS, Khan K, Moyo-Gwete T, Tegally H, et al. Omicron extensively but incompletely escapes Pfizer BNT162b2 neutralization. Nature 2022;602:654–6.
Tan CW, Lim BL, Young BE, Yeoh AY, Yung CF, Yap WC, et al. Comparative neutralisation profile of SARS-CoV-2 omicron subvariants BA.2.75 and BA.5. Lancet Microbe 2022;3:e898.
Cao Y, Jian F, Wang J, Yu Y, Song W, Yisimayi A, et al. Imprinted SARS-CoV-2 humoral immunity induces convergent Omicron RBD evolution. Nature 2023;614:521–9.
Calisher CH, Karabatsos N, Dalrymple JM, Shope RE, Porterfield JS, Westaway EG, et al. Antigenic relationships between flaviviruses as determined by cross-neutralization tests with polyclonal antisera. J Gen Virol 1989;70(Pt 1):37–43.
Simon-Loriere E, Schwartz O. Towards SARS-CoV-2 serotypes? Nat Rev Microbiol 2022;20:187–8.
Mykytyn AZ, Rissmann M, Kok A, Rosu ME, Schipper D, Breugem TI, et al. Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct. Sci Immunol 2022;7:eabq4450.
Tuekprakhon A, Nutalai R, Dijokaite-Guraliuc A, Zhou D, Ginn HM, Selvaraj M, et al. Antibody escape of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.4 and BA.5 from vaccine and BA.1 serum. Cell 2022;185:2422–33.
Liu C, Ginn HM, Dejnirattisai W, Supasa P, Wang B, Tuekprakhon A, et al. Reduced neutralization of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617 by vaccine and convalescent serum. Cell 2021;184:4220–36.
Wang LF, Tan CW, Chia WN, Zhu F, Young B, Chantasrisawad N, et al. Differential escape of neutralizing antibodies by SARS-CoV-2 Omicron and pre-emergent sarbecoviruses. Res Sq 2022.
Tan CW, Chia WN, Young BE, Zhu F, Lim BL, Sia WR, et al. Pan-Sarbecovirus Neutralizing Antibodies in BNT162b2-Immunized SARS-CoV-1 Survivors. N Engl J Med 2021;385:1401–6.
Tan CW, Chia WN, Qin X, Liu P, Chen MI, Tiu C, et al. A SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test based on antibody-mediated blockage of ACE2-spike protein-protein interaction. Nat Biotechnol 2020;38:1073–8.
Russell CA, Jones TC, Barr IG, Cox NJ, Garten RJ, Gregory V, et al. Influenza vaccine strain selection and recent studies on the global migration of seasonal influenza viruses. Vaccine 2008;26(Suppl 4):D31–4.
This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
