Self-supported yttria-stabilized zirconia mesocrystals with tunable mesopores prepared by a chemi-thermal process
)Graphical Abstract
Abstract
Mesoporous mesocrystals are highly desired in catalysis, energy storage, medical and many other applications, but most of synthesis strategies involve the usage of costly chemicals and complicated synthesis routes, which impede the commercialization of such materials. During the sintering of dense ceramics, coarsening is an undesirable phenomenon which causes the growth of the grains as well as the pores hence hinders the densification, however, coarsening is desired in the sintering of porous ceramics to expand the pore sizes while retaining the total pore volume. Here we report a chemi-thermal process, during which nanocrystallite aggregates were synthesized by hydrothermal process and then converted to the product by sintering. Through this strategy, we synthesized mesoporous self-supported mesocrystals of yttria-stabilized zirconia with tunable pore size and the process was then scaled-up to industrial production. The thermal conductivity measurement shows that the mesoporous powder is a good thermal isolator. The monolith pellets can be obtained by SPS sintering under high pressure and the mesoporosity is retained in the monolith pellets. This work features facile and scalable process as well as low cost raw chemicals making it highly desirable in industrial applications.
References
Tartaj P, Amarilla JM. Multifunctional response of anatase nanostructures based on 25 nm mesocrystal-like porous assemblies. Adv Mater 2011;23:4904–7. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201103168.
Zhou L, O'Brien P. Mesocrystals: a new class of solid materials. Small 2008;4:1566–74. https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200800520.
Yu Y, Zhang J, Wu X, Zhao W, Zhang B. Nanoporous single-crystal-like CdxZn1–xS nanosheets fabricated by the cation-exchange reaction of inorganic-organic hybrid ZnS-amine with cadmium ions. Angew Chem Int Ed 2012;51:897–900. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201105786.
Bian Z, Zhu J, Wen J, Cao F, Huo Y, Qian X, et al. Single-Crystal-like titania mesocages. Angew Chem Int Ed 2011;50:1105–8. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201004972.
Adachi * Motonari, Murata Yusuke, Takao Jun, Jiu Jinting, Sakamoto A Masaru, Wang F. Highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells with a titania thin-film electrode composed of a network structure of single-crystal-like TiO2 nanowires made by the “oriented attachment” mechanism. J Am Chem Soc 2004;126:14943–9. https://doi.org/10.1021/JA048068S.
Crossland EJW, Noel N, Sivaram V, Leijtens T, Alexander-Webber JA, Snaith HJ. Mesoporous TiO2 single crystals delivering enhanced mobility and optoelectronic device performance. Nature 2013;495:215–9.
Bergström L, Sturm (née Rosseeva) EV, Salazar-Alvarez G, Cölfen H. Mesocrystals in biominerals and colloidal arrays. Acc Chem Res 2015;48:1391–402. https://doi.org/10.1021/ar500440b.
Liu Y, Luo Y, Elzatahry AA, Luo W, Che R, Fan J, et al. Mesoporous TiO 2 mesocrystals: remarkable defects-induced crystallite-interface reactivity and their in situ conversion to single crystals. ACS Cent Sci 2015;1:400–8. https://doi.org/10.1021/acscentsci.5b00256.
Das SK, Bhunia MK, Sinha AK, Bhaumik A. Self-Assembled mesoporous zirconia and sulfated zirconia nanoparticles synthesized by triblock copolymer as template. J Phys Chem C 2009;113:8918–23. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp9014096.
Banerjee B, Bhunia S, Bhaumik A. Self-assembled sulfated zirconia nanocrystals with mesoscopic void space synthesized via ionic liquid as a porogen and its catalytic activity for the synthesis of biodiesels. Appl Catal Gen 2015;502:380–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2015.06.028.
Li Y, Liu L, Zou X, Hedin N, Gao F. Nanocrystalline TON-type zeolites synthesized under static conditions. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 2018;256:84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2017.07.050.
Fang Y, Hu H, Chen G. In situ assembly of zeolite nanocrystals into mesoporous aggregate with single-crystal-like morphology without secondary template. Chem Mater 2008;20:1670–2. https://doi.org/10.1021/cm703265q.
Yin J, Gao F, Wei C, Lu Q. Water amount dependence on morphologies and properties of ZnO nanostructures in double-solvent system. Sci Rep 2014;4:3736.
Zhou X, Wang G, Guo L, Chi H, Wang G, Zhang Q, et al. Hierarchically structured TiO 2 for Ba-filled skutterudite with enhanced thermoelectric performance. J Mater Chem 2014;2:20629–35. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA05285D.
Wang Y, Price AD, Caruso F, Yano K, Ren N, Gao Z, et al. Nanoporous colloids: building blocks for a new generation of structured materials. J Mater Chem 2009;19:6451. https://doi.org/10.1039/b901742a.
Gao F, Sougrat R, Albela B, Bonneviot L. Nanoblock Aggregation–Disaggregation of zeolite nanoparticles: temperature control on crystallinity. J Phys Chem C 2011;115:7285–91. https://doi.org/10.1021/jp111928j.
German RM. Sintering theory and practice. Wiley; 1996.
Chytil S, Haugland L, Blekkan EA. On the mechanical stability of mesoporous silica SBA-15. Microporous Mesoporous Mater 2008;111:134–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micromeso.2007.07.020.
Zhang H, Lu H, Zhu Y, Li F, Duan R, Zhang M, et al. Preparations and characterizations of new mesoporous ZrO2 and Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 spherical powders. Powder Technol 2012;227:9–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.powtec.2012.02.007.
Wang H, Chen H, Ni B, Wang K, He T, Wu Y, et al. Mesoporous ZrO 2 nanoframes for biomass upgrading. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017;9:26897–906. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.7b07567.
Hu L, Wang C-A, Huang Y. Porous yttria-stabilized zirconia ceramics with ultra-low thermal conductivity. J Mater Sci 2010;45:3242–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-010-4331-9.
Schlichting KW, Padture NP, Klemens PG. Thermal conductivity of dense and porous yttria-stabilized zirconia. J Mater Sci 2001;36:3003–10. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1017970924312.
Nait-Ali B, Haberko K, Vesteghem H, Absi J, Smith DS. Thermal conductivity of highly porous zirconia. J Eur Ceram Soc 2006;26:3567–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JEURCERAMSOC.2005.11.011.
Deng Z-Y, Ferreira JMF, Tanaka Y, Isoda Y. Microstructure and thermal conductivity of porous ZrO2 ceramics. Acta Mater 2007;55:3663–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.ACTAMAT.2007.02.014.
Ersen O, Florea I, Hirlimann C, Pham-Huu C. Exploring nanomaterials with 3D electron microscopy. Mater Today 2015;18:395–408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mattod.2015.04.004.
Coleman SC, Beeré WB. The sintering of open and closed porosity in UO 2. Philos Mag A 1975;31:1403–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00318087508228691.
Kellett BJ, Lange FF. Thermodynamics of densification: I, sintering of simple particle arrays, equilibrium configurations, pore stability, and shrinkage. J Am Ceram Soc 1989;72:725–34. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1989.tb06208.x.
Kocjan A, Logar M, Shen Z. The agglomeration, coalescence and sliding of nanoparticles, leading to the rapid sintering of zirconia nanoceramics. Sci Rep 2017;7:2541. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-02760-7.
京公网安备11010802044758号