PDF (578.1 KB)
Collect
Show Outline
Outline
Abstract
Keywords
References
Show full outline
Hide outline
Special Column | Open Access

The theory development of traditional Chinese medicine constitution: a review

Youzhi Suna,bYi ZhaocSteve An XuedJianping Chena()
School of Chinese Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong 999077, China
Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
Research Center for Differentiation and Development of TCM Basic Theory, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330004, China
Tian Shou Da Institute of Brain Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310008, China

Peer review under responsibility of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Traditional Chinese medicine constitution (TCMC), as one of the most important parts of Chinese medicine theory, attracted the attention of more and more researchers and many research projects were conducted during past several decades in mainland China. This review provided a historic overview of TCMC theory and research progress in its classification, evaluation criteria and epidemiology, so as to give people through a different lens to understand human health.

References

1

Sheng ZX, Wang Q. A brief discussion of traditional Chinese medicine constitutionology. Xin Yi Yao Xue Za Zhi. 1978;7:11-13 [Chinese].

2

Kuang DY. Study of the constitutional pathology of traditional Chinese medicine. J Chengdu Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1978;2:3-17 [Chinese].

3

Wang Q, Sheng ZX. Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitutionology. Nanjing, China: Jiangsu Science and Technology Press; 1982 [Chinese].

4

Song X. The beginning of traditional Chinese medicine constitutionology. J Chengdu Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1989;12(4):1-6 [Chinese].

5

Wang Q, Li YS, Liu TH. Thoughts of constitutional regimen in inner Canon of Huangdi. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 2011;26(10):2199-2202 [Chinese].

6

Zhang GH. Preliminary discussion on the view of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in Treatise on Cold Damage. J Chengdu Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1985;3:8-10 [Chinese].

7

Qian HN. Discussion on the view of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in Treatise on cold damage and miscellaneous diseases. J Guiyang Univ Chin Med. 1993;15(2):3-5, 11 [Chinese].

8

Hu ZJ. Discussion on the germination of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in Treatise on Cold Damage. J Guiyang Univ Chin Med. 1993;15(4):50-51 [Chinese].

9

Li J. Discussion on the application of physical constitution differentiation in Treatise on Cold Damage. J Qinghai Med Coll. 2005;26(4):277-278 [Chinese].

10

Wang DP. Contribution of famous ancient physicians to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine constitution. J Beijing Univ Tradit Chin Med. 2006;29(2):83-84 [Chinese].

11

Li CJ, Sun LJ. The contribution of Zhu Bing Yuan Hou Lun to TCM constitution theory. J Shaanxi Coll Tradit Chin Med. 2009;32(2):5-6 [Chinese].

12

Huang H. Discussion on the constitution identification of Tianshi Ye. Jiang Su Zhong Yi Za Zhi. 1980;3:4-6 [Chinese].

13

Wang Q. Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitutionology. Beijing, China: China Medical Science Press; 1995 [Chinese].

14

Wang Q. Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitutionology. Beijing, China: People’s Medical Publishing House; 2005 [Chinese].

15

Kuang DY. Study of the Pathology of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Scientific and Technology Press; 1980 [Chinese].

16

Kuang DY. Constitutionology: Theory, Application and Development. Shanghai, China: Shanghai College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Press; 1991 [Chinese].

17

He YM. Constitution study—the best integration point of contemporary western and traditional medicine. Med Philos. 1996;17(6):288-291 [Chinese].

18

Xing YR, Miao YX. The dispute of the definition of traditional Chinese medicine constitution and the exploration of it's reason. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 2004;19(9):519-521 [Chinese].

19

Gong YJ, Wu SL. The discrimination of the connotation of the definition of traditional Chinese medicine constitution. Med Inf. 2010;6:1638-1639 [Chinese].

20

Mu GC. Traditional Chinese medicine constitutionology and its heterization. J New Chin Med. 1983;9:1-7 [Chinese].

21

Li DT, Hou QX. The connotation of traditional Chinese medicine constitution. China’s Naturop. 1997;3:3-4 [Chinese].

22

Sun LJ, Zhang DB. The basic connotation of traditional Chinese medicine constitution. J Tianjin Coll Tradit Chin Med. 2002;3:6-8 [Chinese].

23

Ding RG, Zhang XP. Discussing the specificity of traditional Chinese medicine constitution. J Hebei Tradit Chin Med Pharmacol. 1995;10(4):13-14 [Chinese].

24

He YM, Liu WL. The New Basic Theory of TCM. Beijing, China: Beijing Medical University, Peking Union Medical College Press; 1996 [Chinese].

25

Li Y, Yin T. Research on “Five evolutive phases and six climatic factors” and Chinese medical constitution. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 2008;11:952-954 [Chinese].

26

Gao MY, Lü AP. Opinion on the foundation of forming the constitution. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med. 2011;38(3):471-472 [Chinese].

27

Xia LN, Yuan SQ, Cui D, Xu BF, Zhou Y, Chen G. Correlation discussion on salt and the development of blood stasis constitution. J Chengdu Univ Tradit Chin Med. 2012;35(2):7-9 [Chinese].

28

Wang Q. On Chinese constitutional theory from three aspects. J Beijing Univ Tradit Chin Med. 2008;31(10):653-655 [Chinese].

29

Fan RZ. Discussing the relationship between constitution and the evolution of exogenous disease pathogenesis. J Anhui Tradit Chin Med Coll. 1983;4:5-7 [Chinese].

30

Li MZ. Discussing the constitutional theory of Neijing. J Zhejiang Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1986;10(3):6-8 [Chinese].

31

Li FH. The relationship between constitution and the onset of warm diseases. Zhongyi Hanshou Tongxun. 1990;5:19-20 [Chinese].

32

Zhou SE, Peng JF. The origin of the constitutional theory of Neijing. Guangxi J Tradit Chin Med. 1994;17(5):36-38 [Chinese].

33

Wang Q. On three key issues in study of TCM constitution. J Tradit Chin Med. 2006;47(5):329-332 [Chinese].

34
Wang D. Discussing the similarities and differences of the effects of constitution and Zhengqi on the occurrence of diseases. In: The proceeding of the Seventh National Symposium on TCM constitution, Xianyang, China. 2009:142-144 [Chinese].
35

Dong LP. The relationship between TCM constitutional theory and the occurrence of diseases. Chin J Basic Med Tradit Chin Med. 2006;12(11):859-860 [Chinese].

36

Wu YP. The relationship between TCM pattern identification and constitution as well as constitutional factors. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med. 2007;25(10):2122-2123 [Chinese].

37

Li JT, Li J. Comments on the recent studies of constitutionology of Treatise on cold damage. J Gansu Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1991;8(3):15-17 [Chinese].

38

Cheng ZZ. The discussion of constitution and pathogenesis. J Shaanxi Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1990;13(3):7-10 [Chinese].

39

Zhu WF. Diagnostics of Chinese Medicine. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Science and Technology Press; 1995 [Chinese].

40

Guo XQ, Tian ZL. Pathological constitution and disease. Shaanxi J Tradit Chin Med. 1998;19(5):212-213 [Chinese].

41

Lu M, Jia N. Exploration of “pattern-constitution-genomics” research model. J Shaanxi Coll Tradit Chin Med. 2008;31(2):3-4 [Chinese].

42

Wang Q, Wang RL, Li YS. Comments on development of Chinese medical constitution. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 2007;22(9):627-630 [Chinese].

43

Kuang DY. Study of the Pathology of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 2nd ed. Shanghai, China: Shanghai Scientific and Technology Press; 1989 [Chinese].

44

Wang Q, Gao JH. The relationship between traditional Chinese medicine constitution and Chinese medicine pattern as well as clinical innovative thinking. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med. 2005;23(3):389-392 [Chinese].

45

Kuang DY. Several issues on the study of constitutionology. J Beijing Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1986;9:181 [Chinese].

46

Li YQ. Discussing the relationship between constitution and pattern and its clinical significance. J Shandong Univ Tradit Chin Med. 2003;27(5):330-331 [Chinese].

47

Gong HY, Zhang HM, Gao JH. The similarities and the differences between traditional Chinese medicine constitution and TCM pattern. Jilin J Chin Med. 2003;23(6):5-6 [Chinese].

48

Wen XH, Zhang L, Wen XH. Discussing the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine constitution and TCM pattern. Hunan J Tradit Chin Med. 2011;27(6):97-98 [Chinese].

49

Li CP, Shi LR. The essence of TCM differentiation is to identify Chinese medicine constitution. Fujian J Tradit Chin Med. 1990;21(1):23-26 [Chinese].

50

Wang QB, Wang QF, Wang HY, Wang Q. Discussion on the relationship between traditional Chinese medicine constitution and TCM pattern. Jiangsu Zhongyi. 1992;6:35-36 [Chinese].

51

Chen JX. Significance of constitutional factor in TCM diagnosis. J Gansu Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1996;3(1):1-2 [Chinese].

52

Song HP. Constitution analysis and pattern identification and treatment. Tradit Chin Med Res. 1998;11(4):1-3 [Chinese].

53

Wang HW, Xu XM, Luo RY. Brief discussion of TCM patterns and its relationship with traditional Chinese medicine constitution. J Henan Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1999;14(2):1-3 [Chinese].

54

Wang RL, Zheng SZ. Discussion on the relationship between qi deficiency constitution and qi deficiency pattern. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med. 2004;31(7):555-556 [Chinese].

55

Zhang HM, Zhang YY, Guo DY, Shi MY, Qian YM. Study of relationships between constitution of TCM and patterns of TCM pattern syndrome in patients with ischemic stroke. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med. 2009;36(7):1067-1069 [Chinese].

56

Tian DH, Lü MW. Discussion on constitution and pattern. J Shandong Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1983;7(1):7-11 [Chinese].

57

Dai YS, Shi KD. Discussing the five viscera classification of TCM constitution and its association to ear acupoints. J Guiyang Univ Chin Med. 1990;1:45-46 [Chinese].

58

Yang ZG, Cao SY, Liu RY. The primary discussion on the relationship between the formation of TCM constitution and tendency to get diseases. Res Tradit Chin Med. 1995;4:8-10, 42 [Chinese].

59

Zhao JW. The relationship between TCM constitutional types and pattern identification and treatment. China’s Naturop. 1996;1:4 [Chinese].

60

Zhu TY. The analysis on the TCM constitutional classification of 100 cases. J Chengdu Univ Tradit Chin Med. 1996;19(4):48-50 [Chinese].

61

He YM, Wang L, Shi FT, Chu GW, Zhang DF, Xu Y. Clustering research on traditional Chinese medicine constitution. J Basic Chin Med. 1996;2(5):7-9 [Chinese].

62

Wang Q. Classification and diagnosis basis of nine basic constitutions in Chinese medicine. J Beijing Univ Tradit Chin Med. 2005;28(4):1-8 [Chinese].

63
Su YZ, Lai JX, Chen LL, et al. The evaluation of traditional Chinese medical constitutional scale and classification index. http://ir.cmu.edu.tw/ir/bitstream/310903500/10514/1/95-RD-014. Accessed January 15, 2018.
64

Chen HZ, Zeng ZM. The female constitutional classification and its clinical significance. Guangxi J Tradit Chin Med. 1988;11(1):15-17 [Chinese].

65

Pan PG, Pan BQ, Zhou JL. Identifying women's TCM constitutions before pregnancy through differentiation of their menses and leucorrhea. J New Chin Med. 2007;39(9):8-9 [Chinese].

66

Hu WJ, Ling YX. Study of TCM constitutional classification: an investigation in 194 adults. J Hunan Coll Tradit Chin Med. 1987;2:9-11 [Chinese].

67

Yin Y, Wang XM. Discussion on child care through constitution identification: a children healthcare system management with TCM characteristics. Acta Chin Med Pharmacol. 2008;36(2):32-34 [Chinese].

68

Su SR, Zhong BS, Li X. The study of constitutional classification and an investigation of 1061 children's constitution. J Tradit Chin Med. 1996;37(10):613-616 [Chinese].

69

Zhang JZ, Guo Y, Su SR. Opinion on the formation and classification of children's constitution. Guangxi J Tradit Chin Med. 2002;25(6):35-36 [Chinese].

70

Zhu JS. Classification of children's constitution and its clinical significance. J New Chin Med. 1989;5:6-7 [Chinese].

71

Wen ZY, Zheng J. Children's constitutional types and pattern identification and treatment. J Tradit Chin Med. 1998;39(6):362-363 [Chinese].

72

Deng XM, Chen FM. Discussion on children's care with Chinese Medicine. Chin J Manag Chin Med. 2006;14(11):64-66 [Chinese].

73

Huang HY. Discussion on Chinese Medicine constitutionology about children. Shaanxi J Tradit Chin Med. 2013;31(9):1191-1193 [Chinese].

74

Zhu YF. A brief discussion on children's constitutionology and its significance. J Tradit Chin Med. 1991;11:10-11 [Chinese].

75

Chen LC. Discussing the constitution of children and Dietary care. J Sichuan of Tradit Chin Med. 1998;16(7):9-10 [Chinese].

76

Wang MM, Wang SC. Exploration of neonatal constitutional types: based on investigation and analysis of 120 normal newborns. Liaoning J Tradit Chin Med. 1995;22(7):293-294 [Chinese].

77

Pan PG, Xu LP, Zhou JL, Wang X, Tian H. Common TCM constitutional identification in children from 0 to 6 years old. J New Chin Med. 2010;42(7):52-54 [Chinese].

78

Wang SC. Pediatircs of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Beijing, China: People’s Medical Publishing Housing; 1998 [Chinese].

79

Wang Q, Zhu YB, Xue HS, Li S. Preliminary compilation of TCM constitutional questionnaire. Chin J Clin Rehabil. 2006;3:12-14 [Chinese].

80

Zhu YB, Wang Q, Xue HS, Origasa H. Preliminary assessment on performance of TCM constitution questionnaire. Chin J Clin Rehabil. 2006;3:15-17 [Chinese].

81

China Association of Chinese Medicine. Classification and determination of constitution in TCM (ZYYXH/T157‒2009). World J Integr Tradit West Med. 2009;4(4):303-304 [Chinese].

82

Jing HR, Wang J, Wang Q, Bai MH. Applying Constitution in Chinese medicine Questionnaire, designed by WANG Qi (English version) to survey TCM constitutions of the American and Canadian Caucasian in Beijing. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 2012;27(9):2417-2419 [Chinese].

83

Chen J, Wang XM, Yin Y, Ji CH, Pei Y, Tao J. Analysis on reliability and efficiency of assessment scale on children's TCM indicators of physiological state. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med. 2010;28(8):1610-1612 [Chinese].

84

Wang Q, Zhu YB. Epidemiological investigation of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in general population: base on 21 948 epidemiological investigation data of nine provinces in China. China J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 2009;24(1):7-12 [Chinese].

85

Yao X, He H, Liu YX. Investigation of traditional Chinese medicine constitutions of 3000 adults in Guangzhou City. J New Chin Med. 2012;44(3):88-89 [Chinese].

86

Chen RD, Yang ZM, Lin YZ, et al. Investigation of the traditional Chinese medicine constitutional types of 6525 cases. J Nanjing TCM Univ. 2009;25(2):104-106 [Chinese].

87

Wu ZD, Huang QX, Wang XQ. Investigating and analyzing of people TCM physical identification in Chaoshan. Clin J Chin Med. 2011;3(17):94-95 [Chinese].

88

Liang HT, Yang ZM, Zeng XF, et al. Investigation of the basic information of the traditional Chinese medicine constitution of the population in Guangzhou area. Guangdong Med J. 2009;30(10):1550-1552 [Chinese].

89

Huang WB, Lan FP. Identification and analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine constitutions of community residents in Qingyuan City. Contemp Med. 2012;18(34):156-157 [Chinese].

90

Lin GF, Cao TM, Li B, Zhang LX, Zhang TJ. An investigation and analysis on combining constitution types in TCM of non-manual workers in Shenzhen. Hubei J Tradit Chin Med. 2012;34(9):13-14 [Chinese].

91

Huang ZJ, Li X, Liu B, Zang SW, Zhou YC. Epidemiological investigation of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in 1022 general population in Hong Kong. J Trop Med. 2011;11(2):144-148 [Chinese].

92

Xie S, Zhou XL, Hou QK, et al. Investigation and analysis report of the traditional Chinese medicine constitutional types of the population in Guangxi Province. Guiding J Tradit Chin Med Pharm. 2012;18(2):24-26 [Chinese].

93

Deng XM, Qiu Q, Liu B, Zhou Y, Lu B. Analysis of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine constitutional types of 729 adults in Guangxi Province. J Guangxi Tradit Chin Med Univ. 2010;13(4):111-112 [Chinese].

94

Fei P, Hong ZK, Guo BY. Investigation and analysis of constitutional types of Chinese medicine in 1520 residents in Zhangzhou City. Guangming J Chin Med. 2012;27(6):1069-1071 [Chinese].

95

Yang JQ. Investigation and analysis in a community of traditional Chinese medicine identification of 3048 cases of physical in Hangzhou. Zhejiang Med Educ. 2011;10(4):32-34 [Chinese].

96

Xu FL, Zhao FP, Zhang J, Li C. Analysis of characters of the residents in Beixinjing, Chengjiaqiao communities Shanghai. Chin Prim Health Care. 2012;26(5):36-38 [Chinese].

97

Cao GL, Shen Q, Deng HY, Yu H, Dai GZ, Wang JH. Analysis of the syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in residents of Beijing Dongcheng district. Hainan Med J. 2012;23(24):142-145 [Chinese].

98

Wan SF, Yu XW, Li YD. Study of the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine constitutions in 3328 workers of some institutions and companies in Gansu Province. J Gansu Coll Tradit Chin Med. 2012;29(6):51-53 [Chinese].

99

Li J, Wu CY, Ma ZM, Li YP, Zhang GM. Study on distribution of body constitution types in Qinghai. J Qinghai Med Coll. 2009;30(4):261-263 [Chinese].

100

Fang FF, Yue XQ, Gu W, Feng YL, Lang QB, Ling CQ. Investigation on the traditional Chinese medicine constitutions of 4649 retired military officers. Chin J Health Care Med. 2009;11(4):296-297 [Chinese].

101

Huang RQ, Sun YC, Hong CR, Sun JP, Wang JX. The type analysis of body constitution in traditional Chinese medicine of the middle-aged and aged group in Changning District. Health Educ Health Promot. 2010;5(4):284-286 [Chinese].

102

Xu FL, Zhao FP, Yu B, Li C, Deng XF. The analyzation of the syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in the elderly population in the Chengjiaqiao community of Shanghai. Hebei Med. 2011;17(5):663-666 [Chinese].

103

Xu XL, Wang FY. The investigation and analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine constitutional types in the elderly population in the Chengguan district of Lanzhou. J Gansu Coll Tradit Chin Med. 2011;28(3):79-81 [Chinese].

104

Zhang H, Wang SS. Investigation of Chinese medicine constitution of the elderly residents and the correlative factor research of the biased constitution. World J Integr Tradit West Med. 2012;7(11):972-974 [Chinese].

105

Dong JX, Wang Z, Shu CZ, He QP, Zhang H, Shen XH. Study of the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine constitutions among middle- and older aged population in urban community. Chin J Ethnomed Ethnopharmacy. 2010;19(6):63-64 [Chinese].

106

Luo L, Zhan JD, Zhong AF, Zhang MY. Analysis on syndrome differentiation of traditional Chinese medicine constitution in elderly population of Hangzhou. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med. 2012;30(4):813-815 [Chinese].

107

Xu YH, Wang ZZ. Investigation and analysis of the traditional Chinese medicine constitutions of 1032 college students. China Health Ind. 2011;8(12):115 [Chinese].

108

Li JW, Pang J, Zhang LY, Ye LJ. An investigation and analysis on constitution types in TCM of Southern Medical University students. Guangming J Chin Med. 2011;26(1):1-3 [Chinese].

109

Peng YQ. Investigation of the traditional Chinese medicine constitutions in the female students (freshman and sophomore) in Shenyang Agricultural University. Chin Med Mod Distance Educ China. 2011;9(1):147-148 [Chinese].

110

Guo JS, Chen SW, Bai J, et al. Investigation and analysis on the types of traditional Chinese medicine constitution of 924 cases of military pilots. J Basic Chin Med. 2012;18(6):675,678 [Chinese].

111
Zhou DF. Experience of Professor Minghui Yang in Treating Latent Disease [Dissertation]. Beijing: Chinese PLA General Hospital & Postgraduate Medical School; 2010 [Chinese].
112

Huang XJ, Lü BD, Yang KB, et al. Investigation of the distribution of traditional Chinese medicine constitutions among 481 male taxi drivers in Hangzhou. Contemp Med. 2012;18(2):160-161 [Chinese].

113

Wang Q, Zhu YB, Origasa H, et al. Study on related influencing factors of Phlegm-wetness constitution in Chinese Medicine. J Beijing Univ Tradit Chin Med. 2008;31(1):10-13 [Chinese].

114

Yang Y, Xu H, Liu QS, et al. The lifestyle of health/sub-health status and the effect to Chinese constitution in urban residents. Chin Arch Tradit Chin Med. 2011;29(9):1963-1966 [Chinese].

115
Shang ZY. Investigations on the Correlation between Aging and TCM Constitution and Application of Qiongyu Gao on Anti-aging [master’s thesis]. Guangzhou, China: Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine; 2012 [Chinese].
116

Yin ZJ, Yan YJ, Han ZM, Ma XH, Sun JH, Wang W. Survey on constitution of fat adult in community. J Liaoning Univ Tradit Chin Med. 2010;12(7):88-89 [Chinese].

117

Gao F, Wang GW, Li J, Shang JJ, Gao XS, Liu HX. Study of the correlation between body mass index of health-monitoring population and TCM-based constitution. World J Integr Tradit West Med. 2010;5(2):126-129 [Chinese].

118
Wu YE. The Relationship between Traditional Chinese Medicine and Self-reported Dietary Habit and Smoking and Alcohol Preference [master’s thesis]. Beijing, China: Beijing University of Chinese Medicine; 2011 [Chinese].
119

Yao X, Chang SQ. Study and thought of the characteristic of the distribution of TCM constitution of the people with food preference. 2012(1):31-32 [Chinese].

120

Chen AL, Zhao LC, Ruan JY, et al. Epidemiological investigation of lifestyle on body constitution. Shanxi Tradit Chin Med. 2009;25(3):42-43 [Chinese].

121

Ma XY, Chen JS, Gao SL, et al. Investigation and analysis on TCM constitution of military airplane service staff in long-term noisy environment. Clin J Med Off. 2012;40(3):683-685 [Chinese].

122

Pan HR, Sun QY, Lü Y, et al. The constitution of traditional Chinese medicine identification and traditional Chinese medicine health management combined with “three-in-one” hypertension community prevention and control of hypertension community management of multi center parallel group study. J Pract Tradit Chin Intern Med. 2015;29(2):1-4 [Chinese].

123

Mai HQ, Gan YW, Cao YJ. Effect evaluation on the intervention of TCM constitutional identification on type 2 diabetes management in community. J Sichuan Tradit Chin Med. 2016;34(6):82-84 [Chinese].

124

Huo SK. Observation on the prevention and control effect of TCM constitution identification integrate into community health management on metabolic syndrome. Chin Community Dr. 2015;31(26):79-80 [Chinese].

Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences
Pages 16-28
Cite this article:
Sun Y, Zhao Y, Xue SA, et al. The theory development of traditional Chinese medicine constitution: a review. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, 2018, 5(1): 16-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2018.02.007
Metrics & Citations  
Article History
Copyright
Rights and Permissions
Return