Home Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences Article
PDF (1.3 MB)
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Show Outline
Outline
Abstract
Keywords
References
Show full outline
Hide outline
Original Article | Open Access

Evaluation of antidepressant activity of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Acorus calamus L. rhizome through tail suspension test and forced swimming test of mice

Shaista Yousufa, Shiekh Marifatul Haqb, Akhtar Rasoolc(), Muhammad Zulfajrid, Marlia Mohd Hanafiahe,f, Huda Nafeesg, Shoeiba Tasneemh, Mohammed Mahboobi
Department of Pharmacology, University of Kashmir, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
Department of Botany, University of Kashmir Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
Department of Environmental Sciences, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
Department of Chemistry Education, Serambi Mekkah University, Banda Aceh, 23245, Indonesia
Department of Earth Sciences and Environment, Faculty of Science and Technology, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Center for Tropical Climate Change System, Institute of Climate Change, The National University of Malaysia, Bangi, 43600, Malaysia
Faculty of Unani Medicine, Department of Saidla, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
Department of Zoology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500007, India
Applied Biology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad, 500007, India

Peer review under responsibility of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Objective

Acorus calamus (AC) L. (Araceae) is an annual semi-aquatic and aromatic plant found in Europe, North America and Asia. Its rhizomes are often used by Native Americans, Americans, and Chinese as well as by other cultures. Ethnobotanical studies and documents have shown their use in various disease treatments, such as insomnia, mental disorders, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, inflammation, asthma, neuropathic pain, and diarrhea. In this study, the antidepressant activity of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of the AC rhizome part in mice was investigated.

Methods

Three doses of methanolic extract of AC rhizome (MEACR) (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg b.wt), three doses of hydroalcoholic extract of AC rhizome (HAACR) (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg b.wt), and standards (imipramine, 15 mg/kg b.wt and fluoxetine, 20 mg/kg b.wt) was daily oral administration to the mice for consecutive 14 days. The extract effect on the immobility time was monitored by a tail suspension test (TST) and a forced swimming test (FST). Monoamine oxidase (MAO) levels were also analyzed using standard methods.

Results

The optimum antidepressant activity was viewed at 100 mg/kg b.wt of MEACR extract and 400 mg/kg b.wt of HAACR extract with 23.82% and 20.59% immobility period reduction, respectively. Besides, the extracts weakened the FST-induced elevation of MAO activity significantly and returned to near-normal levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. 100 mg/kg b.wt or above of MEACR extract significantly prevented the MAO-A and MAO-B activities in mice brain at a dose-dependent fashion. But, just 400 mg/kg b.wt of HAACR extract prevented the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B. Fluoxetine and imipramine showed a tendency to prevent the activity of MAO-A and MAO-B.

Conclusion

This study suggests that AC rhizome extract mediated antidepressant activity by modulating the central neurochemical and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis in response to FST and TST-induced stress. Therefore, AC rhizome extract can be used as a valuable plant supplement to treat depressive disorders.

Keywords

Acorus calamusRhizomeAntidepressant activityMethanolic extractHydroalcoholic extractTail suspension testForced swim testMonoamine oxidaseMice

References

1

Bohra N, Srivastava S, Bhatia M. Depression in women in Indian context. Indian J Psychiatr. 2015;57(7):239-245.

Crossref Google Scholar
2

Anisman H, Zacharko RM. Depression: the predisposing influence of stress. Behav Brain Sci. 1982;5(1):89-99.

Crossref Google Scholar
3
Chuang CY Shi YC You HP Antidepressant effect of GABA-rich Monascus-fermented product on forced swimming rat modelJ Agric Food Chem20115973027303410.1021/jf104239m

Chuang CY, Shi YC, You HP, et al. Antidepressant effect of GABA-rich Monascus-fermented product on forced swimming rat model. J Agric Food Chem. 2011;59(7):3027-3034.

Crossref Google Scholar
4

Xu Q, Pan Y, Yi LT, et al. Antidepressant-like effects of psoralen isolated from the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia in the mouse forced swimming test. Biol Pharm Bull. 2008;31(6):1109-1114.

Crossref Google Scholar
5

Mukherjee PK, Kumar V, Mal M, et al. Acorus calamus: scientific validation of ayurvedic tradition from natural resources. Pharm Biol. 2007;45(8):651-666.

Crossref Google Scholar
6
Amit K VandanaMedicinal properties of Acorus calamusJ Drug Deliv Therapeut201333143144

Amit K, Vandana. Medicinal properties of Acorus calamus. J Drug Deliv Therapeut. 2013;3(3):143-144.

10.22270/jddt.v3i3.528
Crossref Google Scholar
7

Tkachev AV, Gur'ev AM, Yusubov MS. Acorafuran, a new sesquiterpenoid from Acorus calamus essential oil. Chem Nat Compd. 2006;42(6):696-698.

Crossref Google Scholar
8
Pandy V Jose N Subhash HCNS activity of methanol and acetone extracts of Acorus calamus leaves in miceJ Pharmacol Toxicol200942798610.3923/jpt.2009.79.86

Pandy V, Jose N, Subhash H. CNS activity of methanol and acetone extracts of Acorus calamus leaves in mice. J Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009;4(2):79-86.

Crossref Google Scholar
9

Hazra R, Ray K, Guha D. Inhibitory role of Acorus calamus in ferric chloride-induced epileptogenesis in rat. Hum Exp Toxicol. 2007;26(12):947-953.

Crossref Google Scholar
10
mei Si M shu Lou J Zhou CX Insulin releasing and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Acorus calamus in vitro and in vivoJ Ethnopharmacol20101281154159

mei Si M, shu Lou J, Zhou CX, et al. Insulin releasing and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity of ethyl acetate fraction of Acorus calamus in vitro and in vivo. J Ethnopharmacol. 2010;128(1):154-159.

10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.044
Crossref Google Scholar
11

Souza TD, Mengi SA, Hassarajani S, et al. Efficacy study of the bioactive fraction (F-3) of Acorus calamus in hyperlipidemia. Indian J Pharmacol. 2007;39(4):196-200.

Crossref Google Scholar
12

Sharma V, Singh I, Chaudhary P. Acorus calamus (The Healing Plant): a review on its medicinal potential, micropropagation and conservation. Nat Prod Res. 2014;28(18):1454-1466.

Crossref Google Scholar
13

Neumeister A, Willeit M, Praschak-Rieder N, et al. Dopamine transporter availability in symptomatic depressed patients with seasonal affective disorder and healthy controls. Psychol Med. 2001;31(8):1467-1473.

Crossref Google Scholar
14
Nalamwar VP Khadabadi SS Aswar PB In vitro licicidal activity of different extracts of Acorus calamus Linn. (araceae) rhizomeInt J PharmTech Res20091196100

Nalamwar VP, Khadabadi SS, Aswar PB, et al. In vitro licicidal activity of different extracts of Acorus calamus Linn. (araceae) rhizome. Int J PharmTech Res. 2009;1(1):96-100.

Google Scholar
15

Pal D, Dutta S, Sarkar A. Evaluation of CNS activities of ethanol extract of roots and rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus in mice. Acta Pol Pharm - Drug Res. 2009;66(5):535-541.

Google Scholar
16

Lee MH, Chen YY, Tsai JW, et al. Inhibitory effect of β-asarone, a component of Acorus calamus essential oil, on inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells. Food Chem. 2011;126(1):1-7.

Crossref Google Scholar
17

Muthuraman A, Singh N. Attenuating effect of Acorus calamus extract in chronic constriction injury induced neuropathic pain in rats: an evidence of anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective and calcium inhibitory effects. BMC Compl Alternative Med. 2011;11(1):24.

Crossref Google Scholar
18

Gupta MK, Lagarkha R, Sharma DK, et al. Antioxidant activity of the successive extracts of grewia asiatica leaves. Asian J Chem. 2007;19(5):3417-3420.

Google Scholar
19

Manikandan S, Srikumar R, Jeya Parthasarathy N, et al. Protective effect of Acorus calamus Linn on free radical scavengers and lipid peroxidation in discrete regions of brain against noise stress exposed rat. Biol Pharm Bull. 2005;28(12):2327-2330.

Crossref Google Scholar
20

Steru L, Chermat R, Thierry B, et al. The tail suspension test: a new method for screening antidepressants in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 367.

Crossref Google Scholar
21

Porsolt RD, Le Pichon M, Jalfre M. Depression: a new animal model sensitive to antidepressant treatments. Nature. 1977;266:730-732.

Crossref Google Scholar
22

Can A, Dao DT, Arad M, et al. The mouse forced swim test. JoVE. 2012;49:1-5.

Crossref Google Scholar
23

Schurr A, Livne A. Differential inhibition of mitochondrial monoamine oxidase from brain by hashish components. Biochem Pharmacol. 1976;25(10):1201-1203.

Crossref Google Scholar
24

Yu PH, Davis BA, Boulton AA. Neuronal and astroglial monoamine oxidase: pharmacological implications of specific MAO-B inhibitors. Prog Brain Res. 1992;94:309-315.

Crossref Google Scholar
25
Bradford MMA rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye bindingAnal Biochem197672248254

Bradford MM. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal Biochem. 1976;72:248-254.

10.1016/0003-2697(76)90527-3
Crossref Google Scholar
26
Liao J, Tsai J, Liu C, et al. Antidepressant-like Activity of Turmerone in Behavioral Despair Tests in Mice. 2013:299.
Crossref
27
Foyet HS Hritcu L Ciobica A Methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves improves spatial memory deficits in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion rodent model of Parkinson's diseaseJ Ethnopharmacol20111332773779

Foyet HS, Hritcu L, Ciobica A, et al. Methanolic extract of Hibiscus asper leaves improves spatial memory deficits in the 6-hydroxydopamine-lesion rodent model of Parkinson's disease. J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;133(2):773-779.

10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.011
Crossref Google Scholar
28

Abelaira HM, Reúus GZ, Quevedo J. Animal models as tools to study the pathophysiology of depression. Rev Bras Psiquiatr. 2013;35:112-120.

Crossref Google Scholar
29

Higuchi Y, Soga T, Parhar IS. Regulatory pathways of monoamine oxidase A during social stress. Front Neurosci. 2017;11:1-12.

Crossref Google Scholar
30
Lenders JWM Eisenhofer G Abeling NGGM Specific genetic deficiencies of the A and B isoenzymes of monoamine oxidase are characterized by distinct neurochemical and clinical phenotypesJ Clin Invest19969741010101910.1172/JCI118492

Lenders JWM, Eisenhofer G, Abeling NGGM, et al. Specific genetic deficiencies of the A and B isoenzymes of monoamine oxidase are characterized by distinct neurochemical and clinical phenotypes. J Clin Invest. 1996;97(4):1010-1019.

Crossref Google Scholar
31

Garcia-Miralles M, Ooi J, Ferrari Bardile C, et al. Treatment with the MAO-A inhibitor clorgyline elevates monoamine neurotransmitter levels and improves affective phenotypes in a mouse model of Huntington disease. Exp Neurol. 2016;278:4-10.

Crossref Google Scholar
32

Bortolato M, Chen K, Shih JC. Monoamine oxidase inactivation: from pathophysiology to therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2008;60(13–14):1527-1533.

Crossref Google Scholar
33
Chen Y Kong LD Xia X Behavioral and biochemical studies of total furocoumarins from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia in the forced swimming test in miceJ Ethnopharmacol2005963451459

Chen Y, Kong LD, Xia X, et al. Behavioral and biochemical studies of total furocoumarins from seeds of Psoralea corylifolia in the forced swimming test in mice. J Ethnopharmacol. 2005;96(3):451-459.

10.1016/j.jep.2004.09.033
Crossref Google Scholar
34

Porsolt RD. Antidepressants: Neurochemical, Behavioral and Clinical Perspectives. New York, USA: Raven Press; 1981.

35

Sakakibara H, Yoshino S, Kawai Y, et al. Antidepressant-like effect of onion (Allium cepa L.) powder in a rat behavioral model of depression. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 2008;72(1):94-100.

Crossref Google Scholar
36

Youdim MBH, Bakhle YS. Monoamine oxidase: isoforms and inhibitors in Parkinson's disease and depressive illness. Br J Pharmacol. 2006;147:S287-S296.

Crossref Google Scholar
37

Fisar Z, Hroudova J, Raboch J. Inhibition of monoamine oxidase activity by antidepressants and mood stabilizers. Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2010;31(5):645-656.

Google Scholar
Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences
Volume 7 Issue 3,
September 2020
Pages 301-307
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.07.002
Cite this article:
Yousuf S, Marifatul Haq S, Rasool A, et al. Evaluation of antidepressant activity of methanolic and hydroalcoholic extracts of Acorus calamus L. rhizome through tail suspension test and forced swimming test of mice. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, 2020, 7(3): 301-307. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.07.002
Metrics & Citations  
Article History
Copyright
Rights and Permissions
Return