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Original Article | Open Access

Effect of the pineal gland on 5-hydroxytryptamine and γ-aminobutyric acid secretion in the hippocampus of male rats during the summer and winter

Ting Lia, Hailu Wanga, Hewei Zhangb, Leilei Liua, Peipei Lia, Shuran Maa( )
School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 100029, China
The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215006, China

Peer review under responsibility of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

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Abstract

Objective

The present study aimed to investigate the effect of seasonal variation on neurotransmitter release in the hippocampus of normal rats and rats with pineal excision.

Methods

Two time points, the summer and winter solstice, which are the longest and shortest days of the year, respectively, were selected. Male Sprague–Dawley rats that underwent a sham operation without pineal excision were included as a control group. The concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) were determined by radioimmunoassays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, respectively.

Results

In the winter, the 5-HT and GABA levels in normal rats exhibited a significant difference compared with those in the operation group (P < .01). A difference was also noted in GABA levels between the normal group and the sham operation group (P < .05). The concentrations of 5-HT and GABA in the hippocampal tissues of the normal group exhibited a seasonal rhythm consisting of elevation during the summer and reduction during the winter (P < .01), while the GABA levels in the sham operation group exhibited a significant difference, with elevation during the summer and reduction during the winter (P < .01). In the operation group, GABA showed the same trend (P < .01).

Conclusion

The seasonal rhythm of neurotransmitter secretion by the hippocampus (5-HT and GABA) consisted of elevation during the summer and reduction during the winter. During the winter, the pineal gland exhibited a reverse regulatory effect on the secretion of 5-HT and GABA in the hippocampus, and it exhibited seasonal selectivity with regard to the regulation of 5-HT.

Keywords

MelatoninRats5-HydroxytryptaminePhotoperiodγ-aminobutyric acidSeasonal rhythmPineal excision

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences
Volume 7 Issue 3,
September 2020
Pages 283-290
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.07.004
Cite this article:
Li T, Wang H, Zhang H, et al. Effect of the pineal gland on 5-hydroxytryptamine and γ-aminobutyric acid secretion in the hippocampus of male rats during the summer and winter. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, 2020, 7(3): 283-290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2020.07.004

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Received: 31 December 2019
Revised: 22 July 2020
Accepted: 22 July 2020
Published: 31 July 2020
© 2020 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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