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Original Article | Open Access

Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic neuroinflammation in mice by tuning glial cell polarization

Yushu Liua, Juan Lia, Xi Wanga, Ying Liua, Chao Zhanga, Hlupheka Chabalalab, Minke Tanga( )
School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
IK-Based Technology Innovation, Department of Science and Technology, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa

Peer review under responsibility of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

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Abstract

Objective

To evaluate whether ginsenoside Rb1 (Rb1) can attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced chronic neuroinflammation in mice and to explore its relationship with glial cell polarization.

Methods

Intraperitoneal injection with an escalating dose of LPS was used to establish a chronic neuroinflammation model in mice. Once LPS was initiated, 10 or 20 mg/kg Rb1, or sterile saline, was administered for 14 consecutive days. Open field test and beam walking test were used to monitor the changes in behavior. The concentration of cytokines in the serum and brain were used to monitor the systemic inflammation and neuroinflammation, respectively. Molecules specific to each glial cell phenotype were used to investigate glial cell polarization.

Results

Mice in the LPS group had reduced spontaneous activities and impaired beam walking performance. Rb1 obviously eased LPS-induced behavior disturbances. Regarding the levels of serum cytokines, both tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) were significantly increased, while interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) remarkably decreased after LPS treatment (all P < .001). Rb1 treatment significantly attenuated LPS-induced serum cytokine changes (all P < .05). The results of quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of TNF-α and complement component 3 (C3) in the brain were significantly increased after LPS treatment (all P < .01). Rb1 treatment significantly inhibited LPS-induced inflammation in the brain (all P < .05). Glial cell polarization analysis showed that M1 and M2 microglia, and A1 astrocytes increased following LPS treatment, while A2 astrocytes decreased. Rb1 treatment reduced M1 and M2 microglia, and A1 astrocytes, and significantly increased A2 astrocytes.

Conclusion

Rb1 can attenuate chronic neuroinflammation induced by LPS in mice, which may be partially attributable to its fine tuning of microglia and astrocyte polarization. Rb1 has potential value for treating neurodegenerative diseases.

Keywords

MicrogliaNeurodegenerative diseasesAstrocytesLipopolysaccharideChronic neuroinflammationGinsenoside Rb1Glial cell polarization

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Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences
Volume 9 Issue 4,
October 2022
Pages 383-391
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.06.015
Cite this article:
Liu Y, Li J, Wang X, et al. Ginsenoside Rb1 attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic neuroinflammation in mice by tuning glial cell polarization. Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences, 2022, 9(4): 383-391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtcms.2022.06.015

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Received: 30 April 2022
Revised: 22 June 2022
Accepted: 22 June 2022
Published: 28 June 2022
© 2022 Beijing University of Chinese Medicine.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
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