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Review | Open Access

Mechanical regulation of bone remodeling

Lijun Wang1Xiuling You2Lingli Zhang1,2Changqing Zhang1Weiguo Zou1,2 ( )
Institute of Microsurgery on Extremities, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 200233 Shanghai, China
State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, 200031 Shanghai, China
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Abstract

Bone remodeling is a lifelong process that gives rise to a mature, dynamic bone structure via a balance between bone formation by osteoblasts and resorption by osteoclasts. These opposite processes allow the accommodation of bones to dynamic mechanical forces, altering bone mass in response to changing conditions. Mechanical forces are indispensable for bone homeostasis; skeletal formation, resorption, and adaptation are dependent on mechanical signals, and loss of mechanical stimulation can therefore significantly weaken the bone structure, causing disuse osteoporosis and increasing the risk of fracture. The exact mechanisms by which the body senses and transduces mechanical forces to regulate bone remodeling have long been an active area of study among researchers and clinicians. Such research will lead to a deeper understanding of bone disorders and identify new strategies for skeletal rejuvenation. Here, we will discuss the mechanical properties, mechanosensitive cell populations, and mechanotransducive signaling pathways of the skeletal system.

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Bone Research
Article number: 16
Cite this article:
Wang L, You X, Zhang L, et al. Mechanical regulation of bone remodeling. Bone Research, 2022, 10: 16. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-022-00190-4

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Received: 14 May 2021
Revised: 04 November 2021
Accepted: 13 December 2021
Published: 18 February 2022
© The Author(s) 2022

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