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Original Article | Open Access

Combining single-cell RNA sequencing and population-based studies reveals hand osteoarthritis-associated chondrocyte subpopulations and pathways

Hui Li1,2,3,Xiaofeng Jiang1,2,3,Yongbing Xiao1,2,3,Yuqing Zhang4,5Weiya Zhang6,7Michael Doherty6,7Jacquelyn Nestor4Changjun Li2,3,8,9Jing Ye1,2,3Tingting Sha2,3Houchen Lyu1Jie Wei1,3,10,11 ( )Chao Zeng1,2,3,9( )Guanghua Lei1,2,3,9 ( )
Department of Orthopaedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, Hunan, China
Hunan Key Laboratory of Joint Degeneration and Injury, Changsha 410008 Hunan, China
Key Laboratory of Aging-related Bone and Joint Diseases Prevention and Treatment, Ministry of Education, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
Division of Rheumatology, Allergy, and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
The Mongan Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
Academic Rheumatology, School of Medicine, University ofNottingham, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
Pain Centre Versus Arthritis UK, Nottingham NG5 1PB, UK
Department of Endocrinology, Endocrinology Research Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008 Hunan, China
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008 Hunan, China
Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008 Hunan, China
Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha 410008 Hunan, China

These authors contributed equally: Hui Li, Xiaofeng Jiang, Yongbing Xiao

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Abstract

Hand osteoarthritis is a common heterogeneous joint disorder with unclear molecular mechanisms and no disease-modifying drugs. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to compare the cellular composition and subpopulation-specific gene expression between cartilage with macroscopically confirmed osteoarthritis (n = 5) and cartilage without osteoarthritis (n = 5) from the interphalangeal joints of five donors. Of 105 142 cells, we identified 13 subpopulations, including a novel subpopulation with inflammation-modulating potential annotated as inflammatory chondrocytes. Fibrocartilage chondrocytes exhibited extensive alteration of gene expression patterns in osteoarthritic cartilage compared with nonosteoarthritic cartilage. Both inflammatory chondrocytes and fibrocartilage chondrocytes showed a trend toward increased numbers in osteoarthritic cartilage. In these two subpopulations from osteoarthritic cartilage, the ferroptosis pathway was enriched, and expression of iron overload-related genes, e.g., FTH1, was elevated. To verify these findings, we conducted a Mendelian randomization study using UK Biobank and a population-based cross-sectional study using data collected from Xiangya Osteoarthritis Study. Genetic predisposition toward higher expression of FTH1 mRNA significantly increased the risk of hand osteoarthritis (odds ratio = 1.07, 95% confidence interval: 1.02–1.11) among participants (n = 332 668) in UK Biobank. High levels of serum ferritin (encoded by FTH1), a biomarker of body iron overload, were significantly associated with a high prevalence of hand osteoarthritis among participants (n = 1 241) of Xiangya Osteoarthritis Study (P-for-trend = 0.037). In conclusion, our findings indicate that inflammatory and fibrocartilage chondrocytes are key subpopulations and that ferroptosis may be a key pathway in hand osteoarthritis, providing new insights into the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic targets of hand osteoarthritis.

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Bone Research
Article number: 58
Cite this article:
Li H, Jiang X, Xiao Y, et al. Combining single-cell RNA sequencing and population-based studies reveals hand osteoarthritis-associated chondrocyte subpopulations and pathways. Bone Research, 2023, 11: 58. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41413-023-00292-7

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Received: 03 March 2023
Revised: 17 July 2023
Accepted: 07 September 2023
Published: 02 November 2023
© The Author(s) 2023

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