AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
Powered by AMiner. Clicking this button will take you away from SciOpen.
Home Mycology Article
Article Link
Cite
EndNote(RIS) BibTeX
Collect
Submit Manuscript
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Review | Open Access

Diversity, population genetics, and evolution of macrofungi associated with animals

Xiaozhao Tanga, Fei Mia, Ying Zhanga( ), Xiaoxia Hea, Yang Caob, Pengfei Wanga, Chunli Liua, Dan Yanga, Jianyong Donga, Keqing Zhanga, Jianping Xua,c
Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, and Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, Yunnan, PR China
Yunnan Institute for Tropical Crop Research, Jinghong, Yunnan, China
Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8S 4K1
Show Author Information

Abstract

Macrofungi refers to all fungi that produce visible fruiting bodies. These fungi are evolutionarily and ecologically very divergent. Evolutionarily, they belong to two main phyla, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota, and many of them have relatives that cannot form visible fruiting bodies. Ecologically, macrofungi can be associated with dead organic matter, plants, and animals. Here we review our current understanding of population structure and biogeography of macrofungi associated with animals. Their interactions, functions, and patterns of coevolution are described and discussed. Our focus is on studies using molecular markers. Our analyses suggest that the types of fungi–animal associations play an important role in the structure of these animal-associated fungal populations.

Keywords

interactioncoevolutionpopulationmacrofungianimals

References

 

Aanen DK, Eggleton P. 2005. Fungus-growing termites originated in African rain forest. Curr Biol. 15: 851–855. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2005.03.043
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Aanen DK, Eggleton P, Rouland-Lefevre C, Guldberg-Froslev T, Rosendahl S, Boomsma JJ. 2002. The evolution of fungus-growing termites and their mutualistic fungal symbionts. P Natl Acad Sci USA. 99: 14887–14892. doi: 10.1073/pnas.222313099
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Ainsworth GC. 2008. Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi. Abingdon: Cabi.
 

Barbieri E, Guidi C, Bertaux J, Frey‐Klett P, Garbaye J, Ceccaroli P, Saltarelli R, Zambonelli A, Stocchi V. 2007. Occurrence and diversity of bacterial communities in Tuber magnatum during truffle maturation. Environ Microbiol. 9:2234–2246. doi:10.1111/emi.2007.9.issue-9
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Belfiori B, Riccioni C, Tempesta S, Pasqualetti M, Paolocci F, Rubini A. 2012. Comparison of ectomycorrhizal communities in natural and cultivated Tuber melanosporum truffle grounds. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 81:547–561. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6941.2012.01379.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Benson RB. 1943. Studies in Siricidae, especially of Europe and southern Asia (Hymenoptera, Symphyta). Bull Entomol Res. 34:27–51.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Bergeron M-J, Leal I, Foord B, Ross G, Davis C, Slippers B, De Groot P, Hamelin RC. 2011. Putative origin of clonal lineages of Amylostereum areolatum, the fungal symbiont associated with Sirex noctilio, retrieved from Pinus sylvestris, in eastern Canada. Fungal Biol. 115:750–758. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.05.009
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Berryman AA, editor. 1988. Dynamics of forest insect populations: patterns, causes, implications. Abingdon: Plenum Publishing Corporation.
Crossref
 

Bertault G, Raymond M, Berthomieu A, Callot G, Fernandez D. 1998. Trifling variation in truffles. Nature. 394:734. doi:10.1038/29428
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Boidin J. 1958. Heterobasidiomycetes saprophytes et Homobasidiomycetes resupines: V.-Essai sur le genre Stereum Pers. ex S.F. Gray Rev Mycol. 23:318–346.
Google Scholar
 
Bonito G, Smith ME, Nowak M, Healy RA, Guevara G, Cázares E, Kinoshita A, Nouhra ER, Domínguez LS, Tedersoo L. 2013. Historical biogeography and diversification of truffles in the Tuberaceae and their newly identified southern hemisphere sister lineage. Plos One [Internet]. [cited 2014 October 29];1. Available from: http://www.plosone.org
Crossref
 

Brodie HJ. 1931. The oidia of Coprinus lagopus and their relation with insects. Ann Bot-London. 2:315–344.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Burr B, Barthlott W, Westerkamp C. 1996. Staheliomyces (Phallales) visited by Trigona (Apidae): melittophily in spore dispersal of an Amazonian stinkhorn? J Trop Ecol. 12:441–445.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Chen PX, Wang S, Nie S, Marcone M. 2013. Properties of Cordyceps Sinensis: a review. J Funct Foods. 5:550–569. doi:10.1016/j.jff.2013.01.034
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Chen SY. 1986. Knowledge of cordyceps fungus. Chin Bull Entomol. 12:133–133. Chinese.
Google Scholar
 

Chen SZ, Guo L. 2012. Three new species and three new Chinese records of Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae). Mycosystema. 31:651–655.
Google Scholar
 
Cheng SZ. 2013. Studies on the genus Septobasidium (Septobasidiaceae) from China [ dissertation]. [China]: Ocean University.
 

Choi JN, Kim J, Lee MY, Park DK, Hong Y-S, Lee CH. 2010. Metabolomics revealed novel isoflavones and optimal cultivation time of Cordyceps militaris fermentation. J Agric Food Chem. 58:4258–4267. doi:10.1021/jf903822e
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Chou C. 1991. Perspectives of disease threat in large-scale Pinus radiata monoculture-the New Zealand experience. Forest Pathology. 21:71–81. doi:10.1111/efp.1991.21.issue-2
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Claridge AW, Cork SJ, Trappe JM. 2000. Diversity and habitat relationships of hypogeous fungi. I. Study design, sampling techniques and general survey results. Biodivers Conserv. 9:151–173. doi:10.1023/A:1008941906441
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Couch JN. 1938. The genus Septobasidium. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
 

Couch JN. 1941. A new Uredinella from Ceylon. Mycologia. 33:405–410.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Danks MA. 2012. Gut-retention time in mycophagous mammals: a review and a study of truffle-like fungal spore retention in the swamp wallaby. Fungal Ecol. 5:200–210. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2011.08.005
Crossref Google Scholar
 

De Fine Licht HH, Boomsma JJ, Aanen DK. 2006. Presumptive horizontal symbiont transmission in the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes natalensis. Mol Ecol. 15:3131–3138. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.03008.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

De Miguel AM, Águeda B, Sánchez S, Parladé J. 2014. Ectomycorrhizal fungus diversity and community structure with natural and cultivated truffle hosts: applying lessons learned to future truffle culture. Mycorrhiza. 24:5–18. doi:10.1007/s00572-013-0554-3
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Duringer P, Schuster M, Genise JF, Likius A, Mackaye HT, Vignaud P, Brunet M. 2006. The first fossil fungus gardens of Isoptera: oldest evidence of symbiotic termite fungiculture (Miocene, Chad basin). Naturwissenschaften. 93:610–615. doi:10.1007/s00114-006-0149-3
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Duringer P, Schuster M, Genise JF, Mackaye HT, Vignaud P, Brunet M. 2007. New termite trace fossils: galleries, nests and fungus combs from the Chad basin of Africa (upper Miocene–lower Pliocene). Palaeogeogr Palaeocl. 251:323–353. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.03.029
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Erin Morris E, Hajek AE, Zieman E, Williams DW. 2014. Deladenus (Tylenchida: Neotylenchidae) reproduction on species and strains of the white rot fungus Amylostereum. Biol Control. 73:50–58. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2014.03.002
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Frank SA. 1996. Problems inferring the specificity of plant? Pathogen genetics. Evol Ecol. 10:323–325. doi:10.1007/BF01237689
Crossref Google Scholar
 

García-Cunchillos I, Sánchez S, Barriuso JJ, Pérez-Collazos E. 2014. Population genetics of the westernmost distribution of the glaciations-surviving black truffle Tuber melanosporum. Mycorrhiza. 24:89–100. doi:10.1007/s00572-013-0540-9
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Gaut IPC. 1970. Studies of siricids and their fungal symbionts [ dissertation]. [Australia]: University of Adelaide.
 

Glimn-Lacy J, Kaufman PB. 2006. Botany illustrated: introduction to plants, major groups, flowering plant families. Abingdon: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chapter 53, Puffballs, Stinkhorns, Bird’s-nest fungi; p. 53–53.
Google Scholar
 

Goff LJ. 1982. Symbiosis and parasitism: another viewpoint. Bioscience. 32:255–256. doi:10.2307/1308531
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Gómez LD, Kisimova-Horovitz L. 2001. A new species of Septobasidium from Costa Rica. Mycotaxon. 80:255–259.
Google Scholar
 

Gómez-Pignataro LD, Henk DA. 2004. Validation of the species of Septobasidium Basidiomycetes described by John N. Couch Lankesteriana. 4:75–76.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Hajek AE, Nielsen C, Kepler RM, Long SJ, Castrillo L. 2013. Fidelity among Sirex woodwasps and their fungal symbionts. Microb Ecol. 65:753–762. doi:10.1007/s00248-013-0218-z
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Hao JJ, Cheng Z, Liang HH, Yang XL, Li S, Zhou TS, Zhang WJ, Chen JK. 2009. Genetic differentiation and distributing pattern of Cordyceps sinensis in China revealed by rDNA ITS sequences. Chin Tradit Herb Drugs. 40:112–116.
Google Scholar
 

Hawker LE. 1954. British hypogeous fungi. Phil Trans R Soc London Ser B. 237:429–546. doi:10.1098/rstb.1954.0002
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Heim R. 1942. Nouvelles études descriptives sur les agarics termitophiles d’Afrique tropicale. Archives du Muséum Nationale d’ Histoire Naturelle Paris. 18:107–166.
Google Scholar
 

Henk DA, Vilgalys R. 2007. Molecular phylogeny suggests a single origin of insect symbiosis in the Pucciniomycetes with support for some relationships within the genus Septobasidium. Am J Bot. 94:1515–1526. doi:10.3732/ajb.94.9.1515
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Hosaka K, Bates ST, Beever RE, Castellano MA, Colgan W, Dominguez LS, Nouhra ER, Geml J, Giachini AJ, Kenney SR, et al. 2006. Molecular phylogenetics of the gomphoid-phalloid fungi with an establishment of the new subclass Phallomycetidae and two new orders. Mycologia. 98:949–959. doi:10.3852/mycologia.98.6.949
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Hurley BP, Hatting H, Wingfield MJ, Klepzig K, Slippers B. 2012. The influence of Amylostereum areolatum diversity and competitive interactions on the fitness of the Sirex parasitic nematode Deladenus siricidicola. Biol Control. 61:207–214. doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2012.02.006
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Johnson SD, Jürgens A. 2010. Convergent evolution of carrion and faecal scent mimicry in fly-pollinated angiosperm flowers and a stinkhorn fungus. S Afr J Bot. 76:796–807. doi:10.1016/j.sajb.2010.07.012
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Kataržytė M, Kutorga E. 2011. Small mammal mycophagy in hemiboreal forest communities of Lithuania. Cent Eur J Biol. 6:446–456. doi:10.2478/s11535-011-0006-z
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Kirk PM, Cannon PF, David JC, Stalpers JA. 2001. Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi. 10th ed. Abingdon: Cabi.
 

Korb J, Aanen DK. 2003. The evolution of uniparental transmission of fungal symbionts in fungus-growing termites (Macrotermitinae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol. 53:65–71.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Kues U. 2000. Life history and developmental processes in the basidiomycete Coprinus cinereus. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 64:316–353. doi:10.1128/MMBR.64.2.316-353.2000
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Leonardi M, Iotti M, Oddis M, Lalli G, Pacioni G, Leonardi P, Maccherini S, Perini C, Salerni E, Zambonelli A. 2013. Assessment of ectomycorrhizal fungal communities in the natural habitats of Tuber magnatum (Ascomycota, Pezizales). Mycorrhiza. 23:349–358. doi:10.1007/s00572-012-0474-7
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Li C, Li Z, Fan M, Cheng W, Long Y, Ding T, Ming L. 2006. The composition of Hirsutella sinensis, anamorph of Cordyceps sinensis. J Food Compos Anal. 19:800–805. doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2006.04.007
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Li Y, Wang XL, Jiao L, Jiang Y, Li H, Jiang SP, Lhosumtseiring N, Fu SZ, Dong CH, Zhan Y. 2011. A survey of the geographic distribution of Ophiocordyceps sinensis. J Microsc. 49:913–919.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Liang HH, Cheng Z, Yang XL, Li S, Ding ZQ, Zhou TS, Zhang WJ, Chen JK. 2008. Genetic diversity and structure of Cordyceps sinensis populations from extensive geographical regions in China as revealed by inter-simple sequence repeat markers. J Microsc. 46:549–556.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Linde C, Selmes H. 2012. Genetic diversity and mating type distribution of Tuber melanosporum and their significance to truffle cultivation in artificially planted truffieres in Australia. Appl Environ Microbiol. 78:6534–6539. doi:10.1128/AEM.01558-12
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Liu L, Wang ZK, Yu HW, Chen SJ, Yan GF, Xia YX, Yin YP. 2008. Analysis of the bacterial diversity in intestines of Hepialus gonggaensis larvae. Acta Microbiol Sin. 48:616–622.
Google Scholar
 

Ma T, Feng Y, Wu XP, Zhang YH, Ma Y, Wang ZL. 2007. Primary investigation of a host insect of Cordyceps militaris and analysis of its main ingredients. For Res-Chin Acad For. 20:63.
Google Scholar
 

Magnago AC, Trierveiler-Pereira L, Neves MA. 2013. Phallales (Agaricomycetes, Fungi) from the tropical Atlantic Forest of Brazil. J Torrey Bot Soc. 140:236–244. doi:10.3159/TORREY-D-12-00054.1
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Margrete Thomsen I, Koch J. 1999. Somatic compatibility in Amylostereum areolatum and A. chailletii as a consequence of symbiosis with siricid woodwasps. Mycol Res. 103:817–823. doi:10.1017/S0953756298007783
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Mathew GM, Ju Y-M, Lai C-Y, Mathew DC, Huang CC. 2012. Microbial community analysis in the termite gut and fungus comb of Odontotermes formosanus: the implication of Bacillus as mutualists. FEMS Microbiol Ecol. 79:504–517. doi:10.1111/fem.2011.79.issue-2
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Morgan FD. 1968. Bionomics of siricidae. Annu Rev Entomol. 13:239–256. doi:10.1146/annurev.en.13.010168.001323
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Moriya S, Inoue T, Ohkuma M, Yaovapa T, Johjima T, Suwanarit P, Sangwanit U, Vongkaluang C, Noparatnaraporn N, Kudo T. 2005. Fungal community analysis of fungus gardens in termite nests. Microbes Environ. 20:243–252. doi:10.1264/jsme2.20.243
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Morris E, Jimenez A, Long S, Williams D, Hajek A. 2012. Variability in growth of Deladenus siricidicola on strains of the white rot fungus Amylostereum areolatum. BioControl. 57:677–686. doi:10.1007/s10526-012-9447-1
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Mueller GM, Schmit JP, Leacock PR, Buyck B, Cifuentes J, Desjardin DE, Halling RE, Hjortstam K, Iturriaga T, Larsson K-H, et al. 2007. Global diversity and distribution of macrofungi. Biodivers Conserv. 16:37–48. doi:10.1007/s10531-006-9108-8
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Murat C, Díez J, Luis P, Delaruelle C, Dupré C, Chevalier G, Bonfante P, Martin F. 2004. Polymorphism at the ribosomal DNA ITS and its relation to postglacial re-colonization routes of the Perigord truffle Tuber melanosporum. New Phytol. 164:401–411. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01189.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Murat C, Rubini A, Riccioni C, Varga H, Akroume E, Belfiori B, Guaragno M, Tacon F, Robin C, Halkett F, et al. 2013. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure of the black truffle (Tuber melanosporum) investigated with neutral microsatellites and functional mating type genes. New Phytol. 199:176–187. doi:10.1111/nph.12264
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Murat C, Vizzini A, Bonfante P, Mello A. 2005. Morphological and molecular typing of the below-ground fungal community in a natural Tuber magnatum truffle-ground. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 245:307–313. doi:10.1016/j.femsle.2005.03.019
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Nagy L, Vágvölgyi C, Papp T. 2013. Morphological characterization of clades of the Psathyrellaceae (Agaricales) inferred from a multigene phylogeny. Mycol Prog. 12:505–517. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0857-3
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Nielsen C, Williams DW, Hajek AE. 2009. Putative source of the invasive Sirex noctilio fungal symbiont, Amylostereum areolatum, in the eastern United States and its association with native siricid woodwasps. Mycol Res. 113:1242–1253. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2009.08.012
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Nobre T. 2010a. Dispersion and colonisation by fungus-growing termites: vertical transmission of the symbiont helps, but then…? Commun & Integr Bio. 3:248–250. doi:10.4161/cib.3.3.11415
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Nobre T, Aanen DK. 2012. Fungiculture or termite husbandry? The ruminant hypothesis. Insects. 3:307–323. doi:10.3390/insects3010307
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Nobre T, Eggleton P, Aanent DK. 2010b. Vertical transmission as the key to the colonization of Madagascar by fungus-growing termites? P Roy Soc B-Biol Sci. 277:359–365.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Nobre T, Fernandes C, Boomsma JJ, Korb J, Aanen DK. 2011b. Farming termites determine the genetic population structure of Termitomyces fungal symbionts. Mol Ecol. 20:2023–2033. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05064.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Nobre T, Koné N, Konaté S, Linsenmair K, Aanen D. 2011a. Dating the fungus – growing termites’ mutualism shows a mixture between ancient codiversification and recent symbiont dispersal across divergent hosts. Mol Ecol. 20:2619–2627. doi:10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05090.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Oliveira ML, Morato EF. 2000. Stingless bees (Hymenoptera, Meliponini) feeding on stinkhorn spores (Fungi, Phallales): robbery or dispersal? Rev Bras Zool. 17:881–884. doi:10.1590/S0101-81752000000300025
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Osiemo Z, Marten A, Kaib M, Gitonga L, Boga H, Brandl R. 2010. Open relationships in the castles of clay: high diversity and low host specificity of Termitomyces fungi associated with fungus-growing termites in Africa. Insectes Soc. 57:351–363. doi:10.1007/s00040-010-0092-3
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Patouillard NT. 1892. Septobasidium nouveau genre d’hyménomycètes hétérobasidiés. J Bot (Morot). 6:61–64.
Google Scholar
 

Quan Q-M, Wang Q-X, Zhou X-L, Li S, Yang X-L, Zhu Y-G, Cheng Z. 2014. Comparative phylogenetic relationships and genetic structure of the caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis and its host insects inferred from multiple gene sequences. J Microbiol. 52:99–105. doi:10.1007/s12275-014-3391-y
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Riccioni C, Belfiori B, Rubini A, Passeri V, Arcioni S, Paolocci F. 2008. Tuber melanosporum outcrosses: analysis of the genetic diversity within and among its natural populations under this new scenario. New Phytol. 180:466–478. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02560.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Richardson MJ. 2002. The coprophilous succession. Fungal Divers. 10:101–111.
Google Scholar
 

Richardson MJ. 2003. Coprophilous fungi. Field Mycol. 4:41–43. doi:10.1016/S1468-1641(10)60185-5
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Rivera CS, Blanco D, Oria R, Venturini ME. 2010. Diversity of culturable microorganisms and occurrence of Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella spp. in Tuber aestivum and Tuber melanosporum ascocarps. Food Microbiol. 27:286–293. doi:10.1016/j.fm.2009.11.001
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Rouland-Lefevre C, Diouf MN, Brauman A, Neyra M. 2002. Phylogenetic relationships in Termitomyces (family Agaricaceae) based on the nucleotide sequence of ITS: a first approach to elucidate the evolutionary history of the symbiosis between fungus-growing termites and their fungi. Mol Phylogenet Evol. 22:423–429. doi:10.1006/mpev.2001.1071
Crossref Google Scholar
 
Rouland-Lefèvre C, Inoue T, Johjima T, editors. 2006. In intestinal microorganisms of termites and other invertebrates. Abingdon: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Chapter 15, Termitomyces/termite interactions; p. 335–350.
Crossref
 

Rubini A, Belfiori B, Riccioni C, Arcioni S, Martin F, Paolocci F. 2011a. Tuber melanosporum: mating type distribution in a natural plantation and dynamics of strains of different mating types on the roots of nursery-inoculated host plants. New Phytol. 189:723–735. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03493.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Rubini A, Belfiori B, Riccioni C, Tisserant E, Arcioni S, Martin F, Paolocci F. 2011b. Isolation and characterization of MAT genes in the symbiotic ascomycete Tuber melanosporum. New Phytol. 189:710–722. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03492.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Rubini A, Paolocci F, Riccioni C, Vendramin GG, Arcioni S. 2005. Genetic and phylogeographic structures of the symbiotic fungus Tuber magnatum. Appl Environ Microbiol. 71:6584–6589. doi:10.1128/AEM.71.11.6584-6589.2005
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Shrestha B, Kim HK, Sung GH, Spatafora JW, Sung JM. 2004. Bipolar heterothallism, a principal mating system of Cordyceps militaris in vitro. Biotechnol Bioprocess Eng. 9:440–446. doi:10.1007/BF02933483
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Shrestha B, Sung JM. 2005. Notes on Cordyceps species collected from the central region of Nepal. Mycobiology. 33:235–239.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Shrestha B, Zhang W, Zhang Y, Liu X. 2012. The medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris: research and development. Mycol Prog. 11:599–614. doi:10.1007/s11557-012-0825-y
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Shu Z, Yong JZ, Shrestha B. 2013. Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris: research advances, issues and perspectives. Mycosystema. 32:577–597.
Google Scholar
 

Slippers B, Coutinho T, Wingfield B, Wingfield M. 2003. A review of the genus Amylostereum and its association with woodwasps. S Afr J Sci. 99:70–74.
Google Scholar
 

Slippers B, Vasiliauskas R, Stenlid J, Wingfield MJ. 2005. The influence of the Amylostereum and siricid wood-wasp symbiosis on the populations of A. areolatum and A. chailletii. S Afr J Sci. 101:314–314.
Google Scholar
 

Splivallo R, Ottonello S, Mello A, Karlovsky P. 2011. Truffle volatiles: from chemical ecology to aroma biosynthesis. New Phytol. 189:688–699. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03523.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Stone R. 2008. Mycology: last stand for the body Snatcher of the Himalayas? Science. 322:1182–1182. doi:10.1126/science.322.5905.1182
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Sung G-H, Hywel-Jones NL, Sung J-M, Luangsa-ard JJ, Shrestha B, Spatafora JW. 2007. Phylogenetic classification of Cordyceps and the clavicipitaceous fungi. Stud Mycol. 57:5–59. doi:10.3114/sim.2007.57.01
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Sung JM, Kim SH, Yoon CS. 1999. Analysis of genetic relationship of Cordyceps militaris in Korea by random amplified polymorphic DNA. The Korean J of Mycology. 27:256–273.
Google Scholar
 

Tabata M, Abe Y. 1999. Amylostereum laevigatum associated with a horntail Urocerus antennatus. Mycoscience. 40:535–539. doi:10.1007/BF02461032
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Taprab Y, Ohkuma M, Johjima T, Maeda Y, Moriya S, Inoue T, Suwanarit P, Noparatnaraporn N, Kudo T. 2002. Molecular phylogeny of symbiotic basidiomycetes of fungus-growing termites in Thailand and their relationship with the host. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 66:1159–1163. doi:10.1271/bbb.66.1159
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Thomsen IM, Harding S. 2011. Fungal symbionts of siricid woodwasps: isolation techniques and identification. For Pathol. 41:325–333. doi:10.1111/j.1439-0329.2010.00677.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Tuno N. 1998. Spore dispersal of Dictyophora fungi (Phallaceae) by flies. Ecol Res. 13:7–15. doi:10.1046/j.1440-1703.1998.00241.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Van Der Nest MA, Slippers B, Stenlid J, Wilken PM, Vasaitis R, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD. 2008. Characterization of the systems governing sexual and self-recognition in the white rot homobasidiomycete Amylostereum areolatum. Curr Genet. 53:323–336. doi:10.1007/s00294-008-0188-8
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Vasiliauskas R, Stenlid J. 1999. Vegetative compatibility groups of Amylostereum areolatum and A. chailletii from Sweden and Lithuania. Mycol Res. 103:824–829. doi:10.1017/S0953756298007862
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Vasiliauskas R, Stenlid J, Thomsen IM. 1998. Clonality and genetic variation in Amylostereum areolatum and A. chailletii from northern Europe. New Phytol. 139:751–758. doi:10.1046/j.1469-8137.1998.00240.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Vernes K, Jarman P. 2014. Long-nosed potoroo (Potorous tridactylus) behaviour and handling times when foraging for buried truffles. Aust Mammal. 36:128–130.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Visser AA, Kooij PW, Debets AJM, Kuyper TW, Aanen DK. 2011. Pseudoxylaria as stowaway of the fungus-growing termite nest: Interaction asymmetry between Pseudoxylaria, Termitomyces and free-living relatives. Fungal Ecol. 4:322–332. doi:10.1016/j.funeco.2011.05.003
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Wang L, Zhang WM, Hu B, Chen YQ, Qu LH. 2008. Genetic variation of Cordyceps militaris and its allies based on phylogenetic analysis of rDNA ITS sequence data. Fungal Divers. 31:147–155.
Google Scholar
 

Wang PF, Juan HE, Zhou W, Li B, Wu P, Li ZJ. 2012. A survey on the studies of Termitomyces. Microbiol China. 39:1487–1498.
Google Scholar
 

Wang XL, Yao YJ. 2011. Host insect species of Ophiocordyceps sinensis: a review. ZooKeys. 127:43–59.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Wang Y, Tan ZM, Zhang DC, Murat C, Jeandroz S, Le Tacon F. 2006a. Phylogenetic and populational study of the Tuber indicum complex. Mycol Res. 110:1034–1045. doi:10.1016/j.mycres.2006.06.013
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Wang Y, Tan ZM, Zhang DC, Murat C, Jeandroz S, Le Tacon F. 2006b. Phylogenetic relationships between Tuber pseudoexcavatum, a Chinese truffle, and other Tuber species based on parsimony and distance analysis of four different gene sequences. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 259:269–281. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00283.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Wen TC, Li MF, Kang JC, He J. 2012. A molecular genetic study on fruiting-body formation of Cordyceps militaris. Afr J Microbiol Res. 6:5215–5221.
Google Scholar
 

Xiong CH, Xia YL, Zheng P, Shi SH, Wang CS. 2010. Developmental stage-specific gene expression profiling for a medicinal fungus Cordyceps militaris. Mycology. 1:25–66. doi:10.1080/21501201003674581
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Yang DR, Li CD, Shu C, Yang YX. 1996. Studies on the Chinese species of the genus Hepialus and their geographical distribution. Acta Entomol Sin. 39:413–422.
Google Scholar
 
Yin YL, Yu GJ, Chen YJ, Jiang S, Wang M, Jin YX, Lan XQ, Liang Y, Sun H. 2012. Genome-wide transcriptome and proteome analysis on different developmental stages of Cordyceps militaris. Plos One [Internet]. [cited 2014 October 29];12. Available from: http://www.plosone.org
Crossref
 

Yokoyama E, Arakawa M, Yamagishi K, Hara A. 2006. Phylogenetic and structural analyses of the mating-type loci in Clavicipitaceae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 264:182–191. doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00447.x
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Yu H, Wang Z, Liu L, Xia Y, Yin Y, Yuan Q, Cao Y, Peng G. 2008. Analysis of fungal diversity in intestines of Hepialus gonggaensis larvae. Acta Microbiologica Sinica. 48:439–445.
Google Scholar
 

Zampieri E, Rizzello R, Bonfante P, Mello A. 2012. The detection of mating type genes of Tuber melanosporum in productive and non productive soils. Appl Soil Ecol. 57:9–15. doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2012.02.013
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zeng W, Yin F. 2003. Investigation on death of Hepialus gonggaensis larvae. Chongqing J Res Chin Drugs Herbs. 2:5–6. Chinese.
Google Scholar
 

Zhang S, Zhang Y-J, Liu X-Z, Wen H-A, Wang M, Liu D-S. 2011. Cloning and analysis of the MAT1-2-1 gene from the traditional Chinese medicinal fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis. Fungal Bio. 115:708–714. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.05.004
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang S, Zhang YJ, Shrestha B, Xu JP, Wang CS, Liu XZ. 2013. Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Cordyceps militaris: research advances, issues and perspectives. Mycosystema. 32:577–597.
Google Scholar
 

Zhang YJ, Li EW, Wang CS, Li YL, Liu XZ. 2012. Ophiocordyceps sinensis, the flagship fungus of China: terminology, life strategy and ecology. Mycology. 3:2–10.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang YJ, Xu LL, Zhang S, Liu XZ, An ZQ, Wang M, Guo YL. 2009. Genetic diversity of Ophiocordyceps sinensis, a medicinal fungus endemic to the Tibetan Plateau: implications for its evolution and conservation. BMC Evol Biol. 9:1–12.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang YJ, Zhang S, Li YL, Ma AL, Wang CS, Xiang MC, Liu X, An ZQ, Xu JP, Liu XZ. 2014. Phylogeography and evolution of a fungal‐insect association on the Tibetan Plateau. Mol Ecol. 23:5337–5355.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhang YW, Chen YJ, Shen FR, Yang YX, Yang DR, Zhang YP. 1999. Study of genetic divergence in Cordyceps sinensis and C. crassispora from northwest of Yunnan by using RAPD. Mycosystema. 18:176–183.
Google Scholar
 

Zhang Z. 2009. Analysis of change of microbial flora in intestine channel of Hepialus larva which was host of Cordyceps sinensis in Qinghai province. Chin Qinghai J Anim Vet Sci. 6:11.
Google Scholar
 

Zheng P, Xia YL, Xiao GH, Xiong CH, Hu X, Zhang SW, Zheng HJ, Huang Y, Zhou Y, Wang SY, et al. 2011. Genome sequence of the insect pathogenic fungus Cordyceps militaris, a valued traditional Chinese medicine. Genome Biol. 12:R116.
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhong X, Peng Q-Y, Li S-S, Chen H, Sun H-X, Zhang G-R, Liu X. 2014. Detection of Ophiocordyceps sinensis in the roots of plants in alpine meadows by nested-touchdown polymerase chain reaction. Fungal Biol. 118:359–363. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2013.12.005
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhong X, Peng QY, Qi LL, Lei W, Liu X. 2010. rDNA-targeted PCR primers and FISH probe in the detection of Ophiocordyceps sinensis hyphae and conidia. J Microbiol Methods. 83:188–193. doi:10.1016/j.mimet.2010.08.020
Crossref Google Scholar
 

Zhou C, Yang G, Honghui L, Xiaoling Y, Shan L, Yunguo Z, Guangpu GP, Tongshui Z, Jiakuan C. 2007. Phyolgenetic relationships of host insects of Cordyceps sinensis inferred from mitochondrial Cytochrome B sequences. Prog Nat Sci. 17:789–797. doi:10.1080/10002007088537474
Crossref Google Scholar
Mycology
Volume 6 Issue 2,
June 2015
Pages 94-109
DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2015.1043968
Cite this article:
Tang X, Mi F, Zhang Y, et al. Diversity, population genetics, and evolution of macrofungi associated with animals. Mycology, 2015, 6(2): 94-109. https://doi.org/10.1080/21501203.2015.1043968

115

Views

6

Crossref

0

Web of Science

14

Scopus

Altmetrics
Received: 09 March 2015
Accepted: 15 April 2015
Published: 18 May 2015
© 2015 Mycological Society of China

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Return