AI Chat Paper
Note: Please note that the following content is generated by AMiner AI. SciOpen does not take any responsibility related to this content.
{{lang === 'zh_CN' ? '文章概述' : 'Summary'}}
{{lang === 'en_US' ? '中' : 'Eng'}}
Chat more with AI
PDF (9.3 MB)
Collect
Submit Manuscript AI Chat Paper
Show Outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Outline
Show full outline
Hide outline
Topical Review | Open Access

3D/4D printed bio-piezoelectric smart scaffolds for next-generation bone tissue engineering

Annan Chen1,2,3,6Jin Su1,2,6Yinjin Li1,2Haibo Zhang1Yusheng Shi1,2Chunze Yan1,2( )Jian Lu3,4,5( )
State Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Die & Mould Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
Engineering Research Center of Ceramic Materials for Additive Manufacturing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan 430074, People’s Republic of China
Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of China
Centre for Advanced Structural Materials, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Greater Bay Joint Division, Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science, Shenzhen 518057, People’s Republic of China
CityU-Shenzhen Futian Research Institute, Shenzhen 518045, People’s Republic of China

6 These authors contributed equally to this work.

Show Author Information

Abstract

Piezoelectricity in native bones has been well recognized as the key factor in bone regeneration. Thus, bio-piezoelectric materials have gained substantial attention in repairing damaged bone by mimicking the tissue’s electrical microenvironment (EM). However, traditional manufacturing strategies still encounter limitations in creating personalized bio-piezoelectric scaffolds, hindering their clinical applications. Three-dimensional (3D)/four-dimensional (4D) printing technology based on the principle of layer-by-layer forming and stacking of discrete materials has demonstrated outstanding advantages in fabricating bio-piezoelectric scaffolds in a more complex-shaped structure. Notably, 4D printing functionality-shifting bio-piezoelectric scaffolds can provide a time-dependent programmable tissue EM in response to external stimuli for bone regeneration. In this review, we first summarize the physicochemical properties of commonly used bio-piezoelectric materials (including polymers, ceramics, and their composites) and representative biological findings for bone regeneration. Then, we discuss the latest research advances in the 3D printing of bio-piezoelectric scaffolds in terms of feedstock selection, printing process, induction strategies, and potential applications. Besides, some related challenges such as feedstock scalability, printing resolution, stress-to-polarization conversion efficiency, and non-invasive induction ability after implantation have been put forward. Finally, we highlight the potential of shape/property/functionality-shifting smart 4D bio-piezoelectric scaffolds in bone tissue engineering (BTE). Taken together, this review emphasizes the appealing utility of 3D/4D printed biological piezoelectric scaffolds as next-generation BTE implants.

References

[1]

Mac C H, Chan H Y, Lin Y H, Sharma A K, Song H L, Chan Y S, Lin K J, Lin Y J and Sung H W 2022 Engineering a biomimetic bone scaffold that can regulate redox homeostasis and promote osteogenesis to repair large bone defects Biomaterials 286 121574

[2]

Jiang C Y et al 2021 Self-healing polyurethane-elastomer with mechanical tunability for multiple biomedical applications in vivo Nat. Commun. 12 4395

[3]

Henkel J et al 2021 Scaffold-guided bone regeneration in large volume tibial segmental defects Bone 153 116163

[4]

Sparks D S et al 2020 A preclinical large-animal model for the assessment of critical-size load-bearing bone defect reconstruction Nat. Protocols 15 877–924

[5]

Koons G L, Diba M and Mikos A G 2020 Materials design for bone-tissue engineering Nat. Rev. Mater. 5 584–603

[6]

Collins M N, Ren G, Young K, Pina S, Reis R L and Oliveira J M 2021 Scaffold fabrication technologies and structure/function properties in bone tissue engineering Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 2010609

[7]

Turnbull G, Clarke J, Picard F, Riches P, Jia L L, Han F X, Li B and Shu W M 2018 3D bioactive composite scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Bioact. Mater. 3 278–314

[8]

Kazimierczak P, Benko A, Palka K, Canal C, Kolodynska D and Przekora A 2020 Novel synthesis method combining a foaming agent with freeze-drying to obtain hybrid highly macroporous bone scaffolds J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 43 52–63

[9]

Lei B, Shin K H, Jo I H, Koh Y H and Kim H E 2014 Highly porous gelatin–silica hybrid scaffolds with textured surfaces using new direct foaming/freezing technique Mater. Chem. Phys. 145 397–402

[10]

Zhang X D, Li L F, Ouyang J, Zhang L Q, Xue J J, Zhang H and Tao W 2021 Electroactive electrospun nanofibers for tissue engineering Nano Today 39 101196

[11]

Dong Y, Chen A N, Yang T, Gao S, Liu S N, Jiang H Y, Shi Y S and Hu C L 2023 Ultra-lightweight ceramic scaffolds with simultaneous improvement of pore interconnectivity and mechanical strength J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 137 247–58

[12]

Sinha R, Cámara-Torres M, Scopece P, Verga Falzacappa E, Patelli A, Moroni L and Mota C 2021 A hybrid additive manufacturing platform to create bulk and surface composition gradients on scaffolds for tissue regeneration Nat. Commun. 12 500

[13]

Kim D, Han S A, Kim J H, Lee J H, Kim S W and Lee S W 2020 Biomolecular piezoelectric materials: from amino acids to living tissues Adv. Mater. 32 1906989

[14]

Zheng T Y, Huang Y Q, Zhang X H, Cai Q, Deng X L and Yang X P 2020 Mimicking the electrophysiological microenvironment of bone tissue using electroactive materials to promote its regeneration J. Mater. Chem. B 8 10221–56

[15]

Fukada E and Yasuda I 1957 On the piezoelectric effect of bone J. Phys. Soc. Japan 12 1158–62

[16]

Park J B, Kelly B J, Kenner G H, von Recum A F, Grether M F and Coffeen W W 1981 Piezoelectric ceramic implants: in vivo results J. Biomed. Mater. Res. 15 103–10

[17]

Lipiec E, Kowalska J, Wiecheć A, Zieliński P M, Kwiatek W M and Iwaniec M 2012 Infrared spectroscopy in molecular study of the piezoelectric effect in pig’s shin bone Acta Phys. Pol. A 121 539–42

[18]

Jacob J, More N, Kalia K and Kapusetti G 2018 Piezoelectric smart biomaterials for bone and cartilage tissue engineering Inflamm. Regen. 38 2

[19]

Ribeiro C, Correia D M, Rodrigues I, Guardão L, Guimarães S, Soares R and Lanceros-Méndez S 2017 In vivo demonstration of the suitability of piezoelectric stimuli for bone reparation Mater. Lett. 209 118–21

[20]

Khare D, Basu B and Dubey A K 2020 Electrical stimulation and piezoelectric biomaterials for bone tissue engineering applications Biomaterials 258 120280

[21]

Rajabi A H, Jaffe M and Arinzeh T L 2015 Piezoelectric materials for tissue regeneration: a review Acta Biomater. 24 12–23

[22]

Liu Y et al 2017 Built-in electric fields dramatically induce enhancement of osseointegration Adv. Funct. Mater. 27 1703771

[23]

Tandon B, Blaker J J and Cartmell S H 2018 Piezoelectric materials as stimulatory biomedical materials and scaffolds for bone repair Acta Biomater. 73 1–20

[24]

Mokhtari F, Azimi B, Salehi M, Hashemikia S and Danti S 2021 Recent advances of polymer-based piezoelectric composites for biomedical applications J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 122 104669

[25]

Zeng Y S, Jiang L M, He Q Q, Wodnicki R, Yang Y, Chen Y and Zhou Q F 2022 Recent progress in 3D printing piezoelectric materials for biomedical applications J. Appl. Phys. 55 013002

[26]

Liu G, He Y H, Liu P C, Chen Z, Chen X L, Wan L, Li Y and Lu J 2020 Development of bioimplants with 2D, 3D, and 4D additive manufacturing materials Engineering 6 1232–43

[27]

Pourmasoumi P, Moghaddam A, Nemati Mahand S, Heidari F, Salehi Moghaddam Z, Arjmand M, Kühnert I, Kruppke B, Wiesmann H P and Khonakdar H A 2023 A review on the recent progress, opportunities, and challenges of 4D printing and bioprinting in regenerative medicine J. Biomater. Sci. Polym. Ed. 34 108–46

[28]

Valasek J 1921 Piezo-electric and allied phenomena in Rochelle salt Phys. Rev. 17 475–81

[29]

Zheng T, Wu J G, Xiao D Q and Zhu J G 2018 Recent development in lead-free perovskite piezoelectric bulk materials Prog. Mater. Sci. 98 552–624

[30]

Leppik L, Oliveira K M C, Bhavsar M B and Barker J H 2020 Electrical stimulation in bone tissue engineering treatments Eur. J. Trauma Emerg. Surg. 46 231–44

[31]

Chen C, Bai X, Ding Y H and Lee I S 2019 Electrical stimulation as a novel tool for regulating cell behavior in tissue engineering Biomater. Res. 23 25

[32]

Tan H W, Choong Y Y C, Kuo C N, Low H Y and Chua C K 2022 3D printed electronics: processes, materials and future trends Prog. Mater. Sci. 127 100945

[33]

Athukorala S S, Tran T S, Balu R, Truong V K, Chapman J, Dutta N K and Roy Choudhury N 2021 3D printable electrically conductive hydrogel scaffolds for biomedical applications: a review Polymers 13 474

[34]

Kapat K, Shubhra Q T H, Zhou M and Leeuwenburgh S 2020 Piezoelectric nano-biomaterials for biomedicine and tissue regeneration Adv. Funct. Mater. 30 1909045

[35]

Liu Z R, Wan X Y, Wang Z L and Li L L 2021 Electroactive biomaterials and systems for cell fate determination and tissue regeneration: design and applications Adv. Mater. 33 2007429

[36]
Pai A R, Thomas S M and Thomas S 2022 Polysaccharide-based nanocomposites for energy-harvesting nanogenerators Engineered Polymer Nanocomposites for Energy Harvesting Applications ed M T Rahul, S Thomas, D Rouxel, N Kalarikkal, B Ameduri and R Balakrishnan (Amsterdam: Elsevier) pp 159–80
[37]
de Alvarenga G, Bach-Toledo L, Klobukoski V, Deller A, Ruthes J G D A, Silva R J, de Paula J I S, Vidotti M and Hryniewicz B M 2022 Overview of electroactive polymers Electroactive Polymeric Materials ed Inamuddin, M I Ahamed, R Boddula and A A Gobouri (Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press)
[38]

Ramadan K S, Sameoto D and Evoy S 2014 A review of piezoelectric polymers as functional materials for electromechanical transducers Smart Mater. Struct. 23 033001

[39]

Zheng Y B, Tang N, Omar R, Hu Z P, Duong T, Wang J, Wu W W and Haick H 2021 Smart materials enabled with artificial intelligence for healthcare wearables Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 2105482

[40]

Gandhi A A, Wojtas M, Lang S B, Kholkin A L and Tofail S A M 2014 Piezoelectricity in poled hydroxyapatite ceramics J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 97 2867–72

[41]

Saeidi B, Derakhshandeh M R, Delshad Chermahini M and Doostmohammadi A 2020 Novel porous barium titanate/nano-bioactive glass composite with high piezoelectric coefficient for bone regeneration applications J. Mater. Eng. Perform. 29 5420–7

[42]

Chen J Q, Li W P, Zhou L, Zhou Z N, Tan G X, Chen D F, Wang R X, Yu P and Ning C Y 2018 A built-in electric field with nanoscale distinction for cell behavior regulation J. Mater. Chem. B 6 2723–7

[43]

Florencio-Silva R, da Silva Sasso G R, Sasso-Cerri E, Simões M J and Cerri P S 2015 Biology of bone tissue: structure, function, and factors that influence bone cells BioMed Res. Int. 2015 421746

[44]

Liu Y, Luo D and Wang T 2016 Hierarchical structures of bone and bioinspired bone tissue engineering Small 12 4611–32

[45]

Kamel N A 2022 Bio-piezoelectricity: fundamentals and applications in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine Biophys. Rev. 14 717–33

[46]

Yang C Y, Ji J Y, Lv Y J, Li Z and Luo D 2022 Application of piezoelectric material and devices in bone regeneration Nanomaterials 12 4386

[47]

Martins P M, Ribeiro S, Ribeiro C, Sencadas V, Gomes A C, Gama F M and Lanceros-Méndez S 2013 Effect of poling state and morphology of piezoelectric poly(vinylidene fluoride) membranes for skeletal muscle tissue engineering RSC Adv. 3 17938–44

[48]

Shuai C J, Zeng Z C, Yang Y W, Qi F W, Peng S P, Yang W J, He C X, Wang G Y and Qian G W 2020 Graphene oxide assists polyvinylidene fluoride scaffold to reconstruct electrical microenvironment of bone tissue Mater. Des. 190 108564

[49]

Orkwis J A, Wolf A K, Shahid S M, Smith C, Esfandiari L and Harris G M 2020 Development of a piezoelectric PVDF-TrFE fibrous scaffold to guide cell adhesion, proliferation, and alignment Macromol. Biosci. 20 2000197

[50]

Das R et al 2020 Biodegradable nanofiber bone-tissue scaffold as remotely-controlled and self-powering electrical stimulator Nano Energy 76 105028

[51]

Rodriguez R, Rangel D, Fonseca G, Gonzalez M and Vargas S 2016 Piezoelectric properties of synthetic hydroxyapatite-based organic-inorganic hydrated materials Results Phys. 6 925–32

[52]

Badurova K, Plesch G, Markham S, Nepal M, Silien C, Tofail S A M and Haq E U 2020 Piezoelectricity in Sr doped thick films of hydroxyapatite IEEE Trans. Dielectr. Electr. Insul. 27 1409–14

[53]

Ball J P, Mound B A, Nino J C and Allen J B 2014 Biocompatible evaluation of barium titanate foamed ceramic structures for orthopedic applications J. Biomed. Mater. Res. A 102 2089–95

[54]

Yu S W, Kuo S T, Tuan W H, Tsai Y Y and Wang S F 2012 Cytotoxicity and degradation behavior of potassium sodium niobate piezoelectric ceramics Ceram. Int. 38 2845–50

[55]

Bonadio T G M et al 2017 Polyvinylidene fluoride/hydroxyapatite/β-tricalcium phosphate multifunctional biocomposite: potentialities for bone tissue engineering Curr. Appl. Phys. 17 767–73

[56]

Shuai C J, Liu G F, Yang Y W, Qi F W, Peng S P, Yang W J, He C X, Wang G Y and Qian G W 2020 A strawberry-like Ag-decorated barium titanate enhances piezoelectric and antibacterial activities of polymer scaffold Nano Energy 74 104825

[57]

Shuai C J, Yang W J, Feng P, Peng S P and Pan H 2021 Accelerated degradation of HAP/PLLA bone scaffold by PGA blending facilitates bioactivity and osteoconductivity Bioact. Mater. 6 490–502

[58]

Genchi G G, Sinibaldi E, Ceseracciu L, Labardi M, Marino A, Marras S, De Simoni G, Mattoli V and Ciofani G 2018 Ultrasound-activated piezoelectric P(VDF-TrFE)/boron nitride nanotube composite films promote differentiation of human SaOS-2 osteoblast-like cells Nanomed. Nanotechnol. Biol. Med. 14 2421–32

[59]

Wu P, Chen P, Xu C, Wang Q, Zhang F C, Yang K, Jiang W, Feng J X and Luo Z Q 2022 Ultrasound-driven in vivo electrical stimulation based on biodegradable piezoelectric nanogenerators for enhancing and monitoring the nerve tissue repair Nano Energy 102 107707

[60]

Prasad A, Sankar M R and Katiyar V 2017 State of art on solvent casting particulate leaching method for orthopedic Scaffolds fabrication Mater. Today Proc. 4 898–907

[61]

Boudriot U, Dersch R, Greiner A and Wendorff J H 2006 Electrospinning approaches toward scaffold engineering—a brief overview Artif. Organs 30 785–92

[62]
Fereshteh Z 2018 Freeze-drying technologies for 3D scaffold engineering Functional 3D Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ed Y Deng and J Kuiper (Duxford: Woodhead Publishing) pp 151–74
[63]

Chen A N, Wu J M, Liu K, Chen J Y, Xiao H, Chen P, Li C H and Shi Y S 2018 High-performance ceramic parts with complex shape prepared by selective laser sintering: a review Adv. Appl. Ceram. 117 100–17

[64]

Wei Z H, Cheng L J, Ma Y X, Chen A N, Guo X F, Wu J M and Shi Y S 2019 Direct fabrication mechanism of pre-sintered Si3N4 ceramic with ultra-high porosity by laser additive manufacturing Scr. Mater. 173 91–95

[65]

Yan C Z, Ma G, Chen A N, Chen Y, Wu J M, Wang W, Yang S F and Shi Y S 2020 Additive manufacturing of hydroxyapatite and its composite materials: a review J. Micromech. Mol. Phys. 5 2030002

[66]

Liu G et al 2021 Additive manufacturing of structural materials Mater. Sci. Eng. 145 100596

[67]

Chen A N, Qu C H, Shi Y S and Shi F F 2020 Manufacturing strategies for solid electrolyte in batteries Front. Energy Res. 8 571440

[68]

Chen Z W, Li Z Y, Li J J, Liu C B, Lao C S, Fu Y L, Liu C Y, Li Y, Wang P and He Y 2019 3D printing of ceramics: a review J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 39 661–87

[69]

Nepal D et al 2023 Hierarchically structured bioinspired nanocomposites Nat. Mater. 22 18–35

[70]

Wang H Z et al 2022 Comparative evaluation of printability and compression properties of poly-ether-ether-ketone triply periodic minimal surface scaffolds fabricated by laser powder bed fusion Addit. Manuf. 57 102961

[71]

Wang H Z, Chen P, Shu Z X, Chen A N, Su J, Wu H Z, Chen Z Y, Yang L, Yan C Z and Shi Y S 2023 Laser powder bed fusion of poly-ether-ether-ketone/bioactive glass composites: processability, mechanical properties, and bioactivity Compos. Sci. Technol. 231 109805

[72]
ASTM Standard F2792 2012 Standard Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies (West Conshohocken: ASTM International)
[73]

Vidakis N, Petousis M, Mountakis N and Kechagias J D 2022 Material extrusion 3D printing and friction stir welding: an insight into the weldability of polylactic acid plates based on a full factorial design Int. J. Adv. Manuf. Technol. 121 3817–39

[74]

Saadi M A S R, Maguire A, Pottackal N T, Thakur S H, Ikram M M, Hart A J, Ajayan P M and Rahman M M 2022 Direct ink writing: a 3D printing technology for diverse materials Adv. Mater. 34 2108855

[75]

Coppola B, Tardivat C, Richaud S, Tulliani J M, Montanaro L and Palmero P 2021 3D printing of dense and porous alkali-activated refractory wastes via direct ink writing (DIW) J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 3798–808

[76]

Zhang X Y, Huo W L, Liu J J, Zhang Y F, Zhang S H and Yang J L 2020 3D printing boehmite gel foams into lightweight porous ceramics with hierarchical pore structure J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 40 930–4

[77]

Li L Y, Lin Q Y, Tang M, Duncan A J E and Ke C F 2019 Advanced polymer designs for direct-ink-write 3D printing Chemistry 25 10768–81

[78]

Mancuso E, Shah L, Jindal S, Serenelli C, Tsikriteas Z M, Khanbareh H and Tirella A 2021 Additively manufactured BaTiO3 composite scaffolds: a novel strategy for load bearing bone tissue engineering applications Mater. Sci. Eng. C 126 112192

[79]

Tariverdian T, Behnamghader A, Brouki Milan P, Barzegar-Bafrooei H and Mozafari M 2019 3D-printed barium strontium titanate-based piezoelectric scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Ceram. Int. 45 14029–38

[80]

Rocha V G, Saiz E, Tirichenko I S and García-Tuñón E 2020 Direct ink writing advances in multi-material structures for a sustainable future J. Mater. Chem. A 8 15646–57

[81]

Han D and Lee H 2020 Recent advances in multi-material additive manufacturing: methods and applications Curr. Opin. Chem. Eng. 28 158–66

[82]

Zhang M et al 2020 3D printing of Haversian bone–mimicking scaffolds for multicellular delivery in bone regeneration Sci. Adv. 6 eaaz6725

[83]

Wang M Z, Wu H Z, Yang L, Chen A N, Chen P, Wang H Z, Chen Z Y and Yan C Z 2022 Structure design of arc-shaped auxetic metamaterials with tunable Poisson’s ratio Mech. Adv. Mater. Struct. 30 1426–36

[84]

Yan C Z, Hao L, Hussein A and Young P 2015 Ti–6Al–4V triply periodic minimal surface structures for bone implants fabricated via selective laser melting J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 51 61–73

[85]

Esslinger S and Gadow R 2020 Additive manufacturing of bioceramic scaffolds by combination of FDM and slip casting J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 40 3707–13

[86]

Doshi M, Mahale A, Kumar Singh S and Deshmukh S 2022 Printing parameters and materials affecting mechanical properties of FDM-3D printed parts: perspective and prospects Mater. Today Proc. 50 2269–75

[87]

Cappi B, Özkol E, Ebert J and Telle R 2008 Direct inkjet printing of Si3N4: characterization of ink, green bodies and microstructure J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 28 2625–8

[88]

Janek M et al 2020 Mechanical testing of hydroxyapatite filaments for tissue scaffolds preparation by fused deposition of ceramics J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 40 4932–8

[89]

Choi W J, Hwang K S, Kwon H J, Lee C, Kim C H, Kim T H, Heo S W, Kim J H and Lee J Y 2020 Rapid development of dual porous poly(lactic acid) foam using fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing for medical scaffold application Mater. Sci. Eng. C 110 110693

[90]

Haryńska A, Kucinska-Lipka J, Sulowska A, Gubanska I, Kostrzewa M and Janik H 2019 Medical-grade PCL based polyurethane system for FDM 3D printing—characterization and fabrication Materials 12 887

[91]

Mystiridou E, Patsidis A C and Bouropoulos N 2021 Development and characterization of 3D printed multifunctional bioscaffolds based on PLA/PCL/HAp/BaTiO3 composites Appl. Sci. 11 4253

[92]

Sikder P, Nagaraju P and Naganaboyina H P S 2022 3D-printed piezoelectric porous bioactive scaffolds and clinical ultrasonic stimulation can help in enhanced bone regeneration Bioengineering 9 679

[93]

Liu Z F et al 2022 Multimaterial additive manufacturing manipulator for fabricating magnetoelectric pressure sensors Sci. China Technol. Sci. 65 2542–50

[94]

Akhoundi B, Behravesh A H and Bagheri Saed A 2018 Improving mechanical properties of continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composites produced by FDM 3D printer J. Reinf. Plast. Compos. 38 99–116

[95]

Matsuzaki R, Ueda M, Namiki M, Jeong T K, Asahara H, Horiguchi K, Nakamura T, Todoroki A and Hirano Y 2016 Three-dimensional printing of continuous-fiber composites by in-nozzle impregnation Sci. Rep. 6 23058

[96]

Klippstein H, Diaz De Cerio Sanchez A, Hassanin H, Zweiri Y and Seneviratne L 2018 Fused deposition modeling for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs): a review Adv. Eng. Mater. 20 1700552

[97]

Chen A N, Wu J M, Liu Y X, Liu R Z, Cheng L J, Huo W L, Shi Y S and Li C H 2018 Fabrication of porous fibrous alumina ceramics by direct coagulation casting combined with 3D printing Ceram. Int. 44 4845–52

[98]

Mariani M, Beltrami R, Brusa P, Galassi C, Ardito R and Lecis N 2021 3D printing of fine alumina powders by binder jetting J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 5307–15

[99]

Manotham S and Tesavibul P 2022 Effect of particle size on mechanical properties of alumina ceramic processed by photosensitive binder jetting with powder spattering technique J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42 1608–17

[100]

Ziaee M and Crane N B 2019 Binder jetting: a review of process, materials, and methods Addit. Manuf. 28 781–801

[101]

Fu J, Lee D U, Hassan F M, Yang L, Bai Z Y, Park M G and Chen Z W 2015 Flexible high-energy polymer-electrolyte-based rechargeable zinc-air batteries Adv. Mater. 27 5617–22

[102]

Li M, Du W C, Elwany A, Pei Z J and Ma C 2020 Metal binder jetting additive manufacturing: a literature review J. Manuf. Sci. Eng. 142 090801

[103]

Kim D H, Lee J, Bae J, Park S, Choi J, Lee J H and Kim E 2018 Mechanical analysis of ceramic/polymer composite with mesh-type lightweight design using binder-jet 3D printing Materials 11 1941

[104]

Polley C, Distler T, Detsch R, Lund H, Springer A, Boccaccini A R and Seitz H 2020 3D printing of piezoelectric barium titanate-hydroxyapatite scaffolds with interconnected porosity for bone tissue engineering Materials 13 1773

[105]

Gaytan S M, Cadena M A, Karim H, Delfin D, Lin Y, Espalin D, MacDonald E and Wicker R B 2015 Fabrication of barium titanate by binder jetting additive manufacturing technology Ceram. Int. 41 6610–9

[106]

Mariani M, Beltrami R, Migliori E, Cangini L, Mercadelli E, Baldisserri C, Galassi C and Lecis N 2022 Additive manufacturing of lead-free KNN by binder jetting J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 42 5598–605

[107]

Clares A P, Gao Y W, Stebbins R, Van Duin A C T and Manogharan G 2022 Increasing density and mechanical performance of binder jetting processing through bimodal particle size distribution Mater. Sci. Addit. Manuf. 1 20

[108]

Pfeiffer S, Florio K, Puccio D, Grasso M, Colosimo B M, Aneziris C G, Wegener K and Graule T 2021 Direct laser additive manufacturing of high performance oxide ceramics: a state-of-the-art review J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 6087–114

[109]

Sing S L and Yeong W Y 2020 Laser powder bed fusion for metal additive manufacturing: perspectives on recent developments Virtual Phys. Prototyp. 15 359–70

[110]

Chen A N, Li M, Xu J, Lou C H, Wu J M, Cheng L J, Shi Y S and Li C H 2018 High-porosity mullite ceramic foams prepared by selective laser sintering using fly ash hollow spheres as raw materials J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 38 4553–9

[111]

Liverani E, Toschi S, Ceschini L and Fortunato A 2017 Effect of selective laser melting (SLM) process parameters on microstructure and mechanical properties of 316L austenitic stainless steel J. Mater. Process. Technol. 249 255–63

[112]

Nandy J, Sarangi H and Sahoo S 2019 A review on direct metal laser sintering: process features and microstructure modeling Lasers Manuf. Mater. Process. 6 280–316

[113]

Galati M and Iuliano L 2018 A literature review of powder-based electron beam melting focusing on numerical simulations Addit. Manuf. 19 1–20

[114]

Yang J, Wan H L, Zhang Z H, Liu G Z, Xu X X, Hu Y S and Yao X Y 2018 NASICON-structured Na3.1Zr1.95Mg0.05Si2PO12 solid electrolyte for solid-state sodium batteries Rare Met. 37 480–7

[115]

Dong Y, Jiang H Y, Chen A N, Yang T, Gao S and Liu S N 2021 Near-zero-shrinkage Al2O3 ceramic foams with coral-like and hollow-sphere structures via selective laser sintering and reaction bonding J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 41 239–46

[116]

Chen A N, Lu L, Cheng L J, Wu J M, Liu R Z, Chen S, Chen Y, Wen S F, Li C H and Shi Y S 2019 TEM analysis and mechanical strengthening mechanism of MnO2 sintering aid in selective laser sintered porous mullites J. Alloys Compd. 809 151809

[117]

Schmid M, Amado A and Wegener K 2015 Polymer powders for selective laser sintering (SLS) AIP Conf. Proc. 1664 160009

[118]

Chen A N, Gao F, Li M, Wu J M, Cheng L J, Liu R Z, Chen Y, Wen S F, Li C H and Shi Y S 2019 Mullite ceramic foams with controlled pore structures and low thermal conductivity prepared by SLS using core-shell structured polyamide12/FAHSs composites Ceram. Int. 45 15538–46

[119]

Li M, Chen A N, Lin X, Wu J M, Chen S, Cheng L J, Chen Y, Wen S F, Li C H and Shi Y S 2019 Lightweight mullite ceramics with controlled porosity and enhanced properties prepared by SLS using mechanical mixed FAHSs/polyamide12 composites Ceram. Int. 45 20803–9

[120]

Chen A N, Li M, Wu J M, Cheng L J, Liu R Z, Shi Y S and Li C H 2019 Enhancement mechanism of mechanical performance of highly porous mullite ceramics with bimodal pore structures prepared by selective laser sintering J. Alloys Compd. 776 486–94

[121]

Chen A N, Chen J Y, Wu J M, Cheng L J, Liu R Z, Liu J, Chen Y, Li C H, Wen S F and Shi Y S 2019 Porous mullite ceramics with enhanced mechanical properties prepared by SLS using MnO2 and phenolic resin coated double-shell powders Ceram. Int. 45 21136–43

[122]

Shuai C J, Liu G F, Yang Y W, Yang W J, He C X, Wang G Y, Liu Z, Qi F W and Peng S P 2020 Functionalized BaTiO3 enhances piezoelectric effect towards cell response of bone scaffold Colloids Surf. B 185 110587

[123]

Yang Y W, Peng S P, Qi F W, Zan J, Liu G F, Zhao Z Y and Shuai C J 2020 Graphene-assisted barium titanate improves piezoelectric performance of biopolymer scaffold Mater. Sci. Eng. C 116 111195

[124]

Qi F W, Chen N and Wang Q 2017 Preparation of PA11/BaTiO3 nanocomposite powders with improved processability, dielectric and piezoelectric properties for use in selective laser sintering Mater. Des. 131 135–43

[125]

Zhang F, Zhu L Y, Li Z A, Wang S Y, Shi J P, Tang W L, Li N and Yang J Q 2021 The recent development of vat photopolymerization: a review Addit. Manuf. 48 102423

[126]

Shaukat U, Rossegger E and Schlögl S 2022 A review of multi-material 3D printing of functional materials via vat photopolymerization Polymers 14 2449

[127]

Gibson I, Rosen D, Stucker B and Khorasani M 2021 Additive Manufacturing Technologies (Cham: Springer) pp 77–124

[128]

Fournier S, Chevalier J, Baeza G P, Chaput C, Louradour E, Sainsot P, Cavoret J and Reveron H 2023 Ceria-stabilized zirconia-based composites printed by stereolithography: impact of the processing method on the ductile behaviour and its transformation features J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 43 2894–906

[129]

Su J et al 2022 Three-dimensional printing of gyroid-structured composite bioceramic scaffolds with tuneable degradability Biomater. Adv. 133 112595

[130]

Kelly B E, Bhattacharya I, Heidari H, Shusteff M, Spadaccini C M and Taylor H K 2019 Volumetric additive manufacturing via tomographic reconstruction Science 363 1075–9

[131]

Ge Q, Li Z Q, Wang Z L, Kowsari K, Zhang W, He X N, Zhou J L and Fang N X 2020 Projection micro stereolithography based 3D printing and its applications Int. J. Extreme Manuf. 2 022004

[132]

Nguyen A K and Narayan R J 2017 Two-photon polymerization for biological applications Mater. Today 20 314–22

[133]

Nohut S and Schwentenwein M 2022 Vat photopolymerization additive manufacturing of functionally graded materials: a review J. Manuf. Mater. Process. 6 17

[134]

Zhao W Y, Wang Z Y, Zhang J P, Wang X P, Xu Y T, Ding N and Peng Z C 2021 Vat photopolymerization 3D printing of advanced soft sensors and actuators: from architecture to function Adv. Mater. Technol. 6 2001218

[135]

Cui H C, Hensleigh R, Yao D S, Maurya D, Kumar P, Kang M G, Priya S and Zheng X Y 2019 Three-dimensional printing of piezoelectric materials with designed anisotropy and directional response Nat. Mater. 18 234–41

[136]

Cui H et al 2022 Design and printing of proprioceptive three-dimensional architected robotic metamaterials Science 376 1287–93

[137]

Jiang Z J, Cheng L Y, Zeng Y, Zhang Z J, Zhao Y T, Dong P and Chen J M 2022 3D printing of porous scaffolds BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics and regulation of their mechanical and electrical properties Ceram. Int. 48 6477–87

[138]

Marino A, Barsotti J, de Vito G, Filippeschi C, Mazzolai B, Piazza V, Labardi M, Mattoli V and Ciofani G 2015 Two-photon lithography of 3D nanocomposite piezoelectric scaffolds for cell stimulation ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7 25574–9

[139]

MacDonald E and Wicker R 2016 Multiprocess 3D printing for increasing component functionality Science 353 aaf2093

[140]

Zhao C, Ren L Q, Song Z Y, Deng L H and Liu Q P 2019 Structure-driven biomimetic self-morphing composites fabricated by multi-process 3D printing Composites A 123 1–9

[141]

Wang D et al 2022 Recent progress on additive manufacturing of multi-material structures with laser powder bed fusion Virtual Phys. Prototyp. 17 329–65

[142]

An J and Leong K F 2022 Multi-material and multi-dimensional 3D printing for biomedical materials and devices Biomed. Mater. Dev. (https://doi.org/10.1007/s44174-022-00038-9)

[143]

Lai J H, Wang C, Liu J, Chen S S, Liu C Y, Huang X X, Wu J, Pan Y, Xie Y C and Wang M 2022 Low temperature hybrid 3D printing of hierarchically porous bone tissue engineering scaffolds with in situ delivery of osteogenic peptide and mesenchymal stem cells Biofabrication 14 045006

[144]

Englert L, Heuer A, Engelskirchen M K, Frölich F, Dietrich S, Liebig W V, Kärger L and Schulze V 2022 Hybrid material additive manufacturing: interlocking interfaces for fused filament fabrication on laser powder bed fusion substrates Virtual Phys. Prototyp. 17 508–27

[145]

Niu X L, Li N, Du Z P and Li X M 2023 Integrated gradient tissue-engineered osteochondral scaffolds: challenges, current efforts and future perspectives Bioact. Mater. 20 574–97

[146]

Liu F Y, Quan R X, Vyas C and Aslan E 2023 Hybrid biomanufacturing systems applied in tissue regeneration Int. Bioprinting 9 646

[147]

Shim J H, Lee J S, Kim J Y and Cho D W 2012 Bioprinting of a mechanically enhanced three-dimensional dual cell-laden construct for osteochondral tissue engineering using a multi-head tissue/organ building system J. Micromech. Microeng. 22 085014

[148]

Khani N, Nadernezhad A, Bartolo P and Koc B 2017 Hierarchical and spatial modeling and bio-additive manufacturing of multi-material constructs CIRP Ann. 66 229–32

[149]

Zhuang P, Ng W L, An J, Chua C K and Tan L P 2019 Layer-by-layer ultraviolet assisted extrusion-based (UAE) bioprinting of hydrogel constructs with high aspect ratio for soft tissue engineering applications PLoS One 14 e0216776

[150]

Xu T, Binder K W, Albanna M Z, Dice D, Zhao W X, Yoo J J and Atala A 2013 Hybrid printing of mechanically and biologically improved constructs for cartilage tissue engineering applications Biofabrication 5 015001

[151]
Tibbits S 2013 The emergence of “4D printing” (available at: www.ted.com/talks/skylar_tibbits_the_emergence_of_4d_printing)
[152]

Ge Q, Qi H J and Dunn M L 2013 Active materials by four-dimension printing Appl. Phys. Lett. 103 131901

[153]

Tibbits S 2014 4D printing: multi-material shape change Archit. Des. 84 116–21

[154]

Rafiee M, Farahani R D and Therriault D 2020 Multi-material 3D and 4D printing: a survey Adv. Sci. 7 1902307

[155]

Bodaghi M, Noroozi R, Zolfagharian A, Fotouhi M and Norouzi S 2019 4D printing self-morphing structures Materials 12 1353

[156]

Yang C, Boorugu M, Dopp A, Ren J, Martin R, Han D, Choi W and Lee H 2019 4D printing reconfigurable, deployable and mechanically tunable metamaterials Mater. Horiz. 6 1244–50

[157]

Chen D B et al 2020 4D printing strain self-sensing and temperature self-sensing integrated sensor–actuator with bioinspired gradient gaps Adv. Sci. 7 2000584

[158]

Pugliese R and Regondi S 2022 Artificial intelligence-empowered 3D and 4D printing technologies toward smarter biomedical materials and approaches Polymers 14 2794

[159]

Hann S Y, Cui H T, Nowicki M and Zhang L G 2020 4D printing soft robotics for biomedical applications Addit. Manuf. 36 101567

[160]

You D et al 2021 4D printing of multi-responsive membrane for accelerated in vivo bone healing via remote regulation of stem cell fate Adv. Funct. Mater. 31 2103920

[161]

Miao S D, Zhu W, Castro N J, Nowicki M, Zhou X, Cui H T, Fisher J P and Zhang L G 2016 4D printing smart biomedical scaffolds with novel soybean oil epoxidized acrylate Sci. Rep. 6 27226

[162]

Camarero-Espinosa S and Moroni L 2021 Janus 3D printed dynamic scaffolds for nanovibration-driven bone regeneration Nat. Commun. 12 1031

[163]

Weems A C, Arno M C, Yu W, Huckstepp R T R and Dove A P 2021 4D polycarbonates via stereolithography as scaffolds for soft tissue repair Nat. Commun. 12 3771

[164]

Chen A N, Wu J M, Xiao H, Chen J Y, Zhang X Y, Chen F, Ma Y X, Li C H, Wei Q S and Shi Y S 2017 Rapid and uniform in-situ solidification of alumina suspension via a non-contamination DCC-HVCI method using MgO sintering additive as coagulating agent Ceram. Int. 43 9926–33

[165]

Chen A N, Wu J M, Liu M Y, Cheng L J, Chen J Y, Xiao H, Zhang X Y, Li C H and Shi Y S 2017 Rapid in-situ solidification of SiO2 suspension by direct coagulation casting via controlled release of high valence counter ions from calcium iodate and pH shift Ceram. Int. 43 1930–6

[166]

Liu G, Zhao Y, Wu G and Lu J 2018 Origami and 4D printing of elastomer-derived ceramic structures Sci. Adv. 4 eaat0641

[167]

Kuang X, Roach D J, Wu J T, Hamel C M, Ding Z, Wang T J, Dunn M L and Qi H J 2019 Advances in 4D printing: materials and applications Adv. Funct. Mater. 29 1805290

[168]

Liu K et al 2021 4D printing of lead zirconate titanate piezoelectric composites transducer based on direct ink writing Front. Mater. 8 659441

[169]

Grinberg D, Siddique S, Le M Q, Liang R, Capsal J F and Cottinet P J 2019 4D printing based piezoelectric composite for medical applications J. Polym. Sci. B 57 109–15

[170]

Xu Q Q, Gao X Y, Zhao S F, Liu Y N, Zhang D, Zhou K C, Khanbareh H, Chen W S, Zhang Y and Bowen C 2021 Construction of bio-piezoelectric platforms: from structures and synthesis to applications Adv. Mater. 33 2008452

[171]

Peng X R, Kuang X, Roach D J, Wang Y Q, Hamel C M, Lu C L and Qi H J 2021 Integrating digital light processing with direct ink writing for hybrid 3D printing of functional structures and devices Addit. Manuf. 40 101911

[172]

Lendlein A, Balk M, Tarazona N A and Gould O E C 2019 Bioperspectives for shape-memory polymers as shape programmable, active materials Biomacromolecules 20 3627–40

[173]

Wu H Z, Zhang X, Ma Z, Zhang C, Ai J W, Chen P, Yan C Z, Su B and Shi Y S 2020 A material combination concept to realize 4D printed products with newly emerging property/functionality Adv. Sci. 7 1903208

[174]

S S Y et al 2022 Additive manufactured self-powered mechanoelectric sensor as the artificial nucleus pulposus for monitoring tissue rehabilitation after discectomy Nano Energy 96 107113

[175]

Bao C, Moeinnia H, Kim T H, Lee W and Kim W S 2023 3D structural electronics via multi-directional robot 3D printing Adv. Mater. Technol. 8 2201349

[176]

Ajdary R, Reyes G, Kuula J, Raussi-Lehto E, Mikkola T S, Kankuri E and Rojas O J 2022 Direct ink writing of biocompatible nanocellulose and chitosan hydrogels for implant mesh matrices ACS Polym. 2 97–107

[177]

Karanth D, Puleo D, Dawson D, Holliday L S and Sharab L 2023 Characterization of 3D printed biodegradable piezoelectric scaffolds for bone regeneration Clin. Exp. Dent. Res. 9 398–408

[178]

Wang L Y, Pang Y Y, Tang Y J, Wang X Y, Zhang D X, Zhang X, Yu Y J, Yang X P and Cai Q 2022 A biomimetic piezoelectric scaffold with sustained Mg2+ release promotes neurogenic and angiogenic differentiation for enhanced bone regeneration Bioact. Mater. 25 399–414

[179]

Gorodzha S N et al 2017 A comparison study between electrospun polycaprolactone and piezoelectric poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) scaffolds for bone tissue engineering Colloids Surf. B 160 48–59

[180]

Hwangbo H, Lee J and Kim G 2022 Mechanically and biologically enhanced 3D-printed HA/PLLA/dECM biocomposites for bone tissue engineering Int. J. Biol. Macromol. 218 9–21

[181]

Liu Y et al 2022 Exercise-induced piezoelectric stimulation for cartilage regeneration in rabbits Sci. Transl. Med. 14 eabi7282

[182]

Chen P, Xu C, Wu P, Liu K, Chen F X, Chen Y, Dai H L and Luo Z Q 2022 Wirelessly powered electrical-stimulation based on biodegradable 3D piezoelectric scaffolds promotes the spinal cord injury repair ACS Nano 16 16513–28

[183]

Ge M, Xu D L, Chen Z X, Wei C Y, Zhang Y X, Yang C, Chen Y, Lin H and Shi J L 2021 Magnetostrictive-piezoelectric-triggered nanocatalytic tumor therapy Nano Lett. 21 6764–72

[184]

Liao J F, Han R X, Wu Y Z and Qian Z Y 2021 Review of a new bone tumor therapy strategy based on bifunctional biomaterials Bone Res. 9 18

[185]

Lepage S I M et al 2019 Beyond cartilage repair: the role of the osteochondral unit in joint health and disease Tissue Eng. B 25 114–25

[186]

Chen A N, Wu J M, Cheng L J, Liu S J, Ma Y X, Li H, Liu F, Chen S, Shi Y S and Li C H 2020 Enhanced densification and dielectric properties of CaTiO3-0.3NdAlO3 ceramics fabricated by direct coagulation casting J. Eur. Ceram. Soc. 40 1174–80

[187]

Li J, Yang F, Long Y, Dong Y T, Wang Y Z and Wang X D 2021 Bulk ferroelectric metamaterial with enhanced piezoelectric and biomimetic mechanical properties from additive manufacturing ACS Nano 15 14903–14

[188]

Goh G D, Sing S L and Yeong W Y 2021 A review on machine learning in 3D printing: applications, potential, and challenges Artif. Intell. Rev. 54 63–94

[189]

Liu Y X, Chen A N, Wu J M, Liu R Z, Cheng L J, Huo W L, Li C H and Shi Y S 2018 Effect of K2SO4 additions on properties of porous fibrous alumina ceramics prepared by DCC and lost-mold method J. Am. Ceram. Soc. 101 2216–27

International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
Article number: 032007
Cite this article:
Chen A, Su J, Li Y, et al. 3D/4D printed bio-piezoelectric smart scaffolds for next-generation bone tissue engineering. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 2023, 5(3): 032007. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/acd88f

277

Views

14

Downloads

50

Crossref

60

Web of Science

55

Scopus

0

CSCD

Altmetrics

Received: 30 December 2022
Revised: 19 February 2023
Accepted: 24 May 2023
Published: 27 June 2023
© 2023 The Author(s).

Original content from this work may be used under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the title of the work, journal citation and DOI.

Return