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Topical Review | Open Access

Mechanism and manufacturing of 4D printing: derived and beyond the combination of 3D printing and shape memory material

Pei Feng1Feng Yang1Jiye Jia1Jing Zhang2Wei Tan3()Cijun Shuai1,4,5 ()
State Key Laboratory of Precision Manufacturing for Extreme Service Performance, College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410083, People’s Republic of China
LaTIM, INSERM-UMR1101, University of Brest, Brest 29200, France
Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410013, People’s Republic of China
Institute of Additive Manufacturing, Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, Nanchang 330013, People’s Republic of China
College of Mechanical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830017, People’s Republic of China
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Abstract

Four-dimensional (4D) printing is regarded as a methodology that links 3D printing to time, which is characterized by the evolution of predetermined structures or functions for the printed object after applying stimulation. This dynamic feature endows 4D printing the potential to be intelligent, attracting wide attention from academia and industry. The transformation of shape and function is both obtained from the programming of the object endowed by the intrinsic characteristics of the material or by the manufacturing technology. Therefore, it is necessary to understand 4D printing from the perspective of both mechanism and manufacturing. Here, the state-of-the-art 4D printing polymer was summarized, beginning with the classifications, and leading to the mechanisms, stimulations, and technologies. The links and differences between 4D printing polymer and shape memory polymer, between 4D printing and 3D printing were highlighted. Finally, the biomedical applications were outlined and the perspectives were discussed.

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International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing
Article number: 062011
Cite this article:
Feng P, Yang F, Jia J, et al. Mechanism and manufacturing of 4D printing: derived and beyond the combination of 3D printing and shape memory material. International Journal of Extreme Manufacturing, 2024, 6(6): 062011. https://doi.org/10.1088/2631-7990/ad7e5f
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