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Research | Open Access

A multilocus molecular phylogeny for the avian genus Liocichla (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae: Liocichla)

Herman L Mays Jr1,2( ), Bailey D McKay3, Dieter Thomas Tietze4, Cheng-Te Yao5, Lindsey N Miller6, Kathleen N Moreland6, Fumin Lei7
Department of Biological Sciences, Marshall University, 1 John Marshall Drive, Science Building 350, Huntington, WV 25755, USA
Cincinnati Museum Center, 1301 Western Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45203, USA
American Museum of Natural History, Central Park W and 79th St, New York, NY 10024, USA
Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 364, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Endemic Species Research Institute, 1 Minsheng East Road, Jiji Township, Nantou County, Taiwan
6 Biotechnology Program, Loveland High School, 1 Tiger Trail, Love-land, OH 45140, USA
Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China
Show Author Information

Abstract

Background

Historically the babblers have been assigned to the family Timaliidae but several recent studies have attempted to rest the taxonomy of this diverse passerine assemblage on a more firm evolutionary footing. The result has been a major rearrangement of the group. A well-supported and comprehensive phylogeny for this widespread avian group is an important part of testing evolutionary and biogeographic hypotheses, especially in Asia where the babblers are a key component of many forest ecosystems. However, the genus Liocichla is poorly represented in these prior studies of babbler systematics.

Methods

We used a multilocus molecular genetic approach to generate a phylogenetic hypothesis for all five currently recognized species in the avian genus Liocichla. Multilocus DNA sequence data was used to construct individual gene trees using maximum likelihood and species trees were estimated from gene trees using Bayesian analyses. Divergence dates were obtained using a molecular clock approach.

Results

Molecular data estimate a probable window of time for the origin for the Liocichla from the mid to late Miocene, between 5.55 and 12.87 Ma. Despite plumage similarities between the insular Taiwan endemic, L. steerii, and the continental L. bugunorum and L. omeiensis, molecular data suggest that L. steerii is the sister taxon to all continental Liocichla. The continental Liocichla are comprised of two lineages; a lineage containing L. omeiensis and L. bugunorum and a lineage comprised of L. phoenicea and L. ripponi. The comparatively early divergence of L. steerii within the Liocichla may be illusory due to extinct and therefore unsampled lineages. L. ripponi and L. phoenicea are parapatric with a Pleistocene split (0.07-1.88 Ma) occurring between an Eastern Himalayan L. phoenicea and a Northern Indochina distributed L. ripponi. L. bugunorum and L. omeiensis underwent a similar split between the Eastern Himalaya (L. bugunorum) and Central China (L. omeiensis) divided by the Hengduan Mountains.

Conclusions

This study supports an origin of the Liocichla occurring sometime prior to the Miocene-Pliocene boundary, a period of significant climatic upheaval in Asia. The biogeographical patterns within the Liocichla mirror those of other birds in the region and allude to common geological and climatic drivers of avian diversification in Asia.

Keywords

PhylogeographyHimalayasPhylogeneticsBiogeographyLeiothrichidaeLiocichlaTaiwan

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Avian Research
Volume 6 Issue 1,
January 2015
Article number: 17
DOI: 10.1186/s40657-015-0025-y
Cite this article:
Mays Jr HL, McKay BD, Tietze DT, et al. A multilocus molecular phylogeny for the avian genus Liocichla (Passeriformes: Leiothrichidae: Liocichla). Avian Research, 2015, 6(1): 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40657-015-0025-y

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Received: 18 February 2015
Accepted: 21 July 2015
Published: 05 August 2015
© 2015 Mays Jr et al.

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